Peralta Santiago, Fiani Nadine, Kan-Rohrer Kimi H, Verstraete Frank J M
Am J Vet Res. 2017 Aug;78(8):926-933. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.78.8.926.
OBJECTIVE To systematically characterize the morphology of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate in dogs. ANIMALS 32 client-owned dogs with clefts of the lip (n = 5), palate (23), or both (4) that had undergone a CT or cone-beam CT scan of the head prior to any surgical procedures involving the oral cavity or face. PROCEDURES Dog signalment and skull type were recorded. The anatomic form of each defect was characterized by use of a widely used human oral-cleft classification system on the basis of CT findings and clinical images. Other defect morphological features, including shape, relative size, facial symmetry, and vomer involvement, were also recorded. RESULTS 9 anatomic forms of cleft were identified. Two anatomic forms were identified in the 23 dogs with cleft palate, in which differences in defect shape and size as well as vomer abnormalities were also evident. Seven anatomic forms were observed in 9 dogs with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate, and most of these dogs had incisive bone abnormalities and facial asymmetry. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The morphological features of congenitally acquired cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate were complex and varied among dogs. The features identified here may be useful for surgical planning, developing of clinical coding schemes, or informing genetic, embryological, or clinical research into birth defects in dogs and other species.
目的 系统描述犬唇裂、腭裂及唇腭裂的形态。动物 32 只客户拥有的犬，分别患有唇裂（n = 5）、腭裂（23 只）或唇腭裂（4 只），在进行任何涉及口腔或面部的外科手术之前均已接受头部的 CT 或锥形束 CT 扫描。方法 记录犬的信号和颅骨类型。根据 CT 检查结果和临床图像，使用广泛应用的人类口腔裂隙分类系统对每个缺损的解剖形式进行描述。还记录了其他缺损形态特征，包括形状、相对大小、面部对称性和犁骨受累情况。结果 确定了 9 种腭裂解剖形式。在 23 只患有腭裂的犬中识别出 2 种解剖形式，其中缺损形状和大小的差异以及犁骨异常也很明显。在 9 只患有唇裂或唇腭裂的犬中观察到 7 种解剖形式，并且这些犬中的大多数都有切牙骨异常和面部不对称。结论及临床意义 先天性获得性唇裂、腭裂及唇腭裂的形态特征复杂，在犬之间存在差异。此处确定的特征可能有助于手术规划、制定临床编码方案，或为犬及其他物种出生缺陷的遗传、胚胎学或临床研究提供信息。
