Ghaffar Rahila, Iqbal Qaiser, Khalid Adnan, Saleem Fahad, Hassali Mohamed Azmi, Baloch Nosheen Sikandar, Ahmad Fiaz Ud Din, Bashir Sajid, Haider Sajjad, Bashaar Mohammad
Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Combined Military Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan.
BMC Womens Health. 2017 Jul 25;17(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0411-1.
Anxiety and depression (A&D) are commonly reported among pregnant women from all over the world; however, there is a paucity of workable data from the developing countries including Pakistan. The current study, therefore, aims to find out the frequency and predictors of A&D among pregnant women attending a tertiary healthcare institutes in the city of Quetta, in the Balochistan province, Pakistan.
A questionnaire based, cross-sectional survey was conducted. The pre-validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to assess the frequency of A&D among study respondents. Anxiety and depression scores were calculated via standard scoring procedures while logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of A&D. SPSS v. 20 was used for data analysis and p < 0.05 was taken as significant.
Seven hundred and fifty pregnant women responded to the survey. The majority of the respondents belonged to age group of 26-35 year (424, 56.4%) and had no formal education (283, 37.6%). Furthermore, 612 (81.4%) of the respondents were unemployed and had urban residencies (651, 86.6%). The mean anxiety score was 10.08 ± 2.52; the mean depression score was 9.51 ± 2.55 and the total HADS score was 19.23 ± 3.91 indicating moderate A&D among the current cohort. Logistic regression analysis reported significant goodness of fit (Chi square = 17.63, p = 0.030, DF = 3), indicating that the model was advisable. Among all variables, age had a significant association when compared with HADS scores [adjusted OR (odds ratios) = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.13-1.62, p < 0.001].
Moderate A&D was reported among the study respondents. Furthermore, age was highlighted as a predictor of A&D. The evidence from this study provides a motion of support programs for anxious and depressed pregnant women. The benefits of implementing good mental health in antenatal care have long-lasting benefits for both mother and infant. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate A&D screening in the existing antenatal programs.
焦虑和抑郁（A&D）在世界各地的孕妇中普遍存在；然而，包括巴基斯坦在内的发展中国家缺乏可行的数据。因此，本研究旨在找出巴基斯坦俾路支省奎达市一家三级医疗机构中孕妇的A&D发生率及其预测因素。
进行了一项基于问卷的横断面调查。使用经过预验证的医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）来评估研究对象中A&D的发生率。焦虑和抑郁得分通过标准评分程序计算，同时使用逻辑回归来确定A&D的预测因素。使用SPSS v. 20进行数据分析，p < 0.05被视为具有统计学意义。
750名孕妇对调查做出了回应。大多数受访者年龄在26 - 35岁之间（424人，56.4%），且未接受过正规教育（283人，37.6%）。此外，612名（81.4%）受访者失业，居住在城市（651人，86.6%）。平均焦虑得分为10.08 ± 2.52；平均抑郁得分为9.51 ± 2.55，HADS总分是19.23 ± 3.91，表明当前队列中存在中度A&D。逻辑回归分析显示拟合优度良好（卡方 = 17.63，p = 0.030，自由度 = 3），表明该模型是合适的。在所有变量中，与HADS得分相比，年龄具有显著相关性[调整后的比值比（OR）= 1.23，95%置信区间 = 1.13 - 1.62，p < 0.001]。
研究对象中报告存在中度A&D。此外，年龄被确定为A&D的一个预测因素。本研究的证据为为焦虑和抑郁的孕妇提供支持项目提供了依据。在产前护理中实施良好的心理健康措施对母亲和婴儿都有长期益处。因此，有必要将A&D筛查纳入现有的产前项目中。
