Geiger Alexander, Niessen Eva, Bente Gary, Vogeley Kai
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine-Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.
Brain Imaging Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
PLoS One. 2017 Jul 26;12(7):e0180780. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180780. eCollection 2017.
Many studies showed that biological (e.g., gaze-shifts or hand movements) and non-biological stimuli (e.g., arrows or moving points) redirect attention. Biological stimuli seem to be more suitable than non-biological to perform this task. However, the question remains if biological stimuli do have different influences on redirecting attention and if this property is dependent on how we react to those stimuli. In two separate experiments, participants interact either with a biological or a non-biological stimulus (experiment 1), or with two biological stimuli (gaze-shifts, hand movements)(experiment 2) to which they responded with two different actions (saccade, button press), either in a congruent or incongruent manner. Results from experiment 1 suggest that interacting with the biological stimulus lead to faster responses, compared to the non-biological stimulus, independent of the response type. Results from experiment 2 show longer reaction times when the depicted stimulus was not matching the response type (e.g., reacting with hand movements to a moving object or gaze-shift) compared to a matching condition, while especially the gaze-following condition (reacting with a gaze shift to a perceived gaze shift) led to the fastest responses. These results suggest that redirecting attention is not only dependent on the perceived stimulus but also on the way how those stimuli are responded to.
许多研究表明，生物刺激（如目光转移或手部动作）和非生物刺激（如箭头或移动的点）都会使注意力发生转移。生物刺激似乎比非生物刺激更适合执行这项任务。然而，问题依然存在：生物刺激在注意力转移方面是否有不同的影响，以及这种特性是否取决于我们对这些刺激的反应方式。在两个独立的实验中，参与者分别与生物刺激或非生物刺激进行交互（实验1），或者与两种生物刺激（目光转移、手部动作）进行交互（实验2），并以两种不同的动作（扫视、按键）做出反应，反应方式可以是一致的，也可以是不一致的。实验1的结果表明，与非生物刺激相比，与生物刺激进行交互能带来更快的反应，且与反应类型无关。实验2的结果显示，与匹配条件相比，当所描绘的刺激与反应类型不匹配时（如对手部动作或目光转移的移动物体做出反应），反应时间更长，而尤其是目光追随条件（对感知到的目光转移做出目光转移反应）导致了最快的反应。这些结果表明，注意力的转移不仅取决于所感知到的刺激，还取决于对这些刺激的反应方式。
