Cruz Viviana, Bernal Laura, Buitrago Giancarlo, Ruiz Álvaro J
Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia,
Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
Rev Med Chil. 2017 Apr;145(4):449-457. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872017000400005.
On admission, 30 to 50% of hospitalized patients have some degree of malnutrition, which is associated with longer length of stay, higher rates of complications, mortality and greater costs.
To determine the frequency of screening for risk of malnutrition in medical records and assess the usefulness of the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST).
In a cross-sectional study, we searched for malnutrition screening in medical records, and we applied the MST tool to hospitalized patients at the Internal Medicine Wards of San Ignacio University Hospital.
Of 295 patients included, none had been screened for malnutrition since hospital admission. Sixty one percent were at nutritional risk, with a higher prevalence among patients with HIV (85.7%), cancer (77.5%) and pneumonia. A positive MST result was associated with a 3.2 days increase in length of hospital stay (p = 0.024).
The prevalence of malnutrition risk in hospitalized patients is high, but its screening is inadequate and it is underdiagnosed. The MST tool is simple, fast, low-cost, and has a good diagnostic performance.
入院时，30%至50%的住院患者存在一定程度的营养不良，这与住院时间延长、并发症发生率和死亡率升高以及费用增加有关。
确定病历中营养不良风险筛查的频率，并评估营养不良筛查工具（MST）的实用性。
在一项横断面研究中，我们在病历中查找营养不良筛查情况，并将MST工具应用于圣伊格纳西奥大学医院内科病房的住院患者。
在纳入的295例患者中，自入院以来无人接受过营养不良筛查。61%的患者存在营养风险，其中艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者（85.7%）、癌症患者（77.5%）和肺炎患者中的患病率更高。MST结果呈阳性与住院时间延长3.2天相关（p = 0.024）。
住院患者中营养不良风险的患病率很高，但其筛查不足且诊断不充分。MST工具简单、快速、低成本，且具有良好的诊断性能。
