Nouwen Arie, Chambers Alison, Chechlacz Magdalena, Higgs Suzanne, Blissett Jacqueline, Barrett Timothy G, Allen Harriet A
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Neuroimage Clin. 2017 Jul 5;16:43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.07.004. eCollection 2017.
AIMS/HYPOTHESES: In adults, type 2 diabetes and obesity have been associated with structural brain changes, even in the absence of dementia. Some evidence suggested similar changes in adolescents with type 2 diabetes but comparisons with a non-obese control group have been lacking. The aim of the current study was to examine differences in microstructure of gray and white matter between adolescents with type 2 diabetes, obese adolescents and healthy weight adolescents.
Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 15 adolescents with type 2 diabetes, 21 obese adolescents and 22 healthy weight controls. Volumetric differences in the gray matter between the three groups were examined using voxel based morphology, while tract based spatial statistics was used to examine differences in the microstructure of the white matter.
Adolescents with type 2 diabetes and obese adolescents had reduced gray matter volume in the right hippocampus, left putamen and caudate, bilateral amygdala and left thalamus compared to healthy weight controls. Type 2 diabetes was also associated with significant regional changes in fractional anisotropy within the corpus callosum, fornix, left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, left uncinate, left internal and external capsule. Fractional anisotropy reductions within these tracts were explained by increased radial diffusivity, which may suggest demyelination of white matter tracts. Mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity did not differ between the groups.
CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Our data shows that adolescent obesity alone results in reduced gray matter volume and that adolescent type 2 diabetes is associated with both white and gray matter abnormalities.
目的/假设：在成年人中，2型糖尿病和肥胖与脑结构变化有关，即使在没有痴呆的情况下也是如此。一些证据表明，2型糖尿病青少年也有类似的变化，但缺乏与非肥胖对照组的比较。本研究的目的是检查2型糖尿病青少年、肥胖青少年和健康体重青少年之间灰质和白质微观结构的差异。
收集了15名2型糖尿病青少年、21名肥胖青少年和22名健康体重对照者的磁共振成像数据。使用基于体素的形态学方法检查三组之间灰质的体积差异，同时使用基于纤维束的空间统计学方法检查白质微观结构的差异。
与健康体重对照者相比，2型糖尿病青少年和肥胖青少年右侧海马体、左侧壳核和尾状核、双侧杏仁核和左侧丘脑的灰质体积减少。2型糖尿病还与胼胝体、穹窿、左侧额枕下束、左侧钩束、左侧内囊和外囊内的分数各向异性显著区域变化有关。这些纤维束内分数各向异性的降低是由径向扩散率增加所解释的，这可能表明白质纤维束的脱髓鞘。三组之间的平均扩散率和轴向扩散率没有差异。
结论/解读：我们的数据表明，单纯青少年肥胖会导致灰质体积减少，而青少年2型糖尿病与白质和灰质异常均有关。
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