He Di, Hao Zeqi, Zhao Mengqi, Li Mengting, Hou Na, Yu Yang, Cheng Lulu, Jia Xize
School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China.
School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
Transl Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 6;15(1):269. doi: 10.1038/s41398-025-03488-z.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic condition associated with a range of abnormalities in both the functional and structural aspects of the brain. However, existing studies have produced inconsistent results due to disease heterogeneity and small sample size. Therefore, we aim to examine common functional and structural alterations in patients with T2DM.
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase (published before July 2023) and included a total of 52 valid studies (58 datasets), which have 2160 patients with T2DM and 2124 healthy controls (HCs). Then, we used the anisotropic effect size seed-based d mapping (AES-SDM) to examine changes in neural activity and grey matter volume (GMV) in patients with T2DM. To validate the findings of the AES-SDM results, two additional meta-analyses were performed using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) and multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA).
The results showed that patients with T2DM exhibited abnormal neural activity, functional connectivity of default mode network, and GMV in brain regions related to visual processing, such as the occipital lobe, lingual gyrus, and Heschl's gyrus. In addition, functional or structural alterations were also found in other sensory-motor, cognitive, and attention-related brain regions in patients with T2DM. The results of ALE and MKDA fundamentally confirmed the findings of the AES-SDM analysis.
These findings offer robust neural markers and deepen our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of T2DM.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种常见的慢性病，与大脑功能和结构方面的一系列异常有关。然而，由于疾病的异质性和样本量小，现有研究结果并不一致。因此，我们旨在研究T2DM患者常见的功能和结构改变。
我们检索了PubMed、Web of Science和Embase（截至2023年7月发表的文献），共纳入52项有效研究（58个数据集），其中有2160例T2DM患者和2124例健康对照（HCs）。然后，我们使用基于各向异性效应大小种子的d映射（AES-SDM）来检查T2DM患者神经活动和灰质体积（GMV）的变化。为了验证AES-SDM结果的发现，我们使用激活可能性估计（ALE）和多级核密度分析（MKDA）进行了另外两项荟萃分析。
结果显示，T2DM患者在与视觉处理相关的脑区，如枕叶、舌回和颞横回，表现出神经活动、默认模式网络的功能连接以及GMV异常。此外，在T2DM患者的其他感觉运动、认知和注意力相关脑区也发现了功能或结构改变。ALE和MKDA的结果从根本上证实了AES-SDM分析的发现。
这些发现提供了有力的神经标志物，并加深了我们对T2DM神经生物学基础的理解。
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