School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland.
School of Education, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018 Apr;37 Suppl 1:S49-S57. doi: 10.1111/dar.12587. Epub 2017 Jul 28.
Over the past two decades, alcohol consumption of Icelandic adolescents has decreased dramatically. The aim of this study was to quantify the extent of this reduction and compare it with the trend in cannabis use over a 20 year period and to identify possible explanations.
We used data from the Icelandic participants to the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs study (collected via paper-and-pencil questionnaires in classrooms). The sample included all students in the 10th grade (54-89% response rate).
The percentage of participants who had never used alcohol during their lifetime rose from 20.8% in 1995 to 65.5% in 2015. Similarly, there was a decline in the proportion of students who had consumed alcohol 40 times or more, from 13.7% to 2.8%. During the same period, the number of students who had never used cannabis rose from 90.2% to 92.0%. In contrast, we found a small, but statistically significant, increase in the prevalence of those who had used cannabis 40 times or more, from 0.7% in 1995 to 2.3% in 2015. Parental monitoring increased markedly between 1995 and 2015, but availability of alcohol decreased. Perceived access to cannabis and youth attitudes towards substance use remained unchanged.
Although Iceland has enjoyed success in lowering alcohol use among adolescents over the past decades, and somewhat fewer claim to have ever tried cannabis, there has been a threefold increase among heavy users of cannabis. Increased parental monitoring and decreased availability of alcohol explain some of the changes seen.
在过去的二十年中，冰岛青少年的酒精消费大幅下降。本研究的目的是量化这种减少的程度，并将其与过去 20 年期间大麻使用趋势进行比较，并确定可能的解释。
我们使用了冰岛参与者参加欧洲学校调查项目关于酒精和其他毒品研究的数据（通过课堂上的纸质问卷收集）。该样本包括所有 10 年级的学生（回应率为 54-89%）。
一生中从未使用过酒精的参与者比例从 1995 年的 20.8%上升到 2015 年的 65.5%。同样，饮酒 40 次或以上的学生比例也从 13.7%下降到 2.8%。在此期间，从未使用过大麻的学生人数从 90.2%上升到 92.0%。相比之下，我们发现，使用大麻 40 次或以上的学生比例略有上升，从 1995 年的 0.7%上升到 2015 年的 2.3%，但这一比例很小，具有统计学意义。1995 年至 2015 年间，父母对孩子的监控明显增加，但酒精的可获得性却下降了。大麻的可获得性和年轻人对物质使用的态度保持不变。
尽管冰岛在过去几十年中成功降低了青少年的酒精消费，而且声称曾经尝试过大麻的人也少了一些，但大麻重度使用者的数量增加了三倍。增加的父母监控和减少的酒精供应解释了部分变化。
