Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drugs, Postboks 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Apr 1;197:280-287. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.003. Epub 2019 Feb 13.
How youth perceive harmfulness of risk behaviors such as substance use relates to their engagement in those behaviors. Yet, little is known about how different substance use modes (i.e., variations in amounts and use frequencies) are perceived. We investigated how adolescent perceptions of harmfulness of various alcohol- and cannabis use modes changed over time, compared to one another, and related to actual substance use behaviors.
We examined nationally-representative repeated cross-sectional samples of 16-year olds in Norway, assessed in 2007, 2011, and 2015 (N = 9296) as part of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Adolescents reported their: 1) lifetime alcohol- and cannabis use, and 2) perceived harmfulness of various alcohol- and cannabis use modes.
Prevalence estimates for perceived harmfulness: 1) remained high and stable, or increased for alcohol use modes, and 2) declined for all cannabis use modes (i.e., using 1-2 times, occasionally, and regularly) since 2007-cohort. High quantity daily drinking was more commonly perceived as harmful than minimal or occasional cannabis use. Even though culturally-relevant use modes (i.e., weekend heavy drinking and experimental cannabis use) were not most commonly endorsed as harmful, only perceptions of those use modes as harmful were inversely associated with actual substance use.
How adolescents from Norway perceived harmfulness of alcohol- and cannabis use depended on the specific substance, its use modes, and secular cohort. Perceived harmfulness was associated with measures of actual substance use predominantly along the culturally- and adolescent-relevant modes of use.
年轻人对诸如药物滥用等危险行为的危害性的看法与他们参与这些行为的程度有关。然而，对于不同的药物使用模式（即用量和使用频率的变化）的感知方式，我们知之甚少。我们研究了青少年对各种酒精和大麻使用模式的危害性的看法是如何随时间变化的，以及它们之间的相互关系，以及与实际药物使用行为的关系。
我们检查了挪威全国代表性的 16 岁青少年重复横断面样本，这些样本是作为欧洲学校酒精和其他毒品调查项目（ESPAD）的一部分，于 2007 年、2011 年和 2015 年评估的（N=9296）。青少年报告了他们的：1）终生酒精和大麻使用情况，以及 2）对各种酒精和大麻使用模式的感知危害性。
感知危害性的流行率估计：1）仍然很高且稳定，或者对于酒精使用模式而言增加了，以及 2）自 2007 年以来，所有大麻使用模式（即 1-2 次、偶尔和定期使用）的使用率都有所下降。大量饮酒被认为比少量或偶尔使用大麻更有害。尽管与文化相关的使用模式（即周末大量饮酒和实验性大麻使用）不是最常被认为是有害的，但只有对这些使用模式的感知被认为是有害的，与实际药物使用呈负相关。
挪威青少年对酒精和大麻使用的危害性的看法取决于特定的物质、其使用模式和时代队列。感知到的危害性主要与实际药物使用的文化和青少年相关模式相关。
