a Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018 Mar;56(3):219-222. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1353094. Epub 2017 Jul 28.
To define the demographics of German-speaking "bath salt" users.
Prospective web-based survey of volunteer users of "bath salts". Subject recruitment/exclusion: Participation was solicited by posts in web forums frequented by users of synthetic cathinones. An invitation to participate was also disseminated via regional drug information centers. Responses were discarded if participants refused data analysis, provided incomplete surveys, were under 18 years of age (five cases), and in case of clearly improbable answers (i.e., two cases with profanity typed in free-form input fields). Overall 96 out of 180 participants provided complete questionnaires. These were further analyzed.
74% of respondents were male. 41% were under the age of 30 and a further 38% between 30 and 39 years old. Cathinones were used on more than 10 days in the preceding year by 62% of study subjects. The nasal and intravenous routes of administration were most often used. About 80% of respondents reported binge use. There were frequent co-administrations of opioids and opiates. The most common complication was prolonged confusion (47%). 16% had been involuntarily confined. One third had thoughts of violence and 16% acted on these thoughts either against themselves or others. About 44% reported high-risk sexual activity under the influence of cathinones. About 31% had driven or ridden a bike while intoxicated. About 6% had problems with law-enforcement for selling cathinones and 16% for crimes committed under the influence of cathinones. In conclusion, cathinone users are typically young males in their twenties and thirties. Most are experienced drug users, particularly of alcohol and opiates/opioids. The impact on society is tremendous as evidenced by high rates of self-reported violence, high-risk sexual activity, crimes, and traffic violations.
定义德语系“浴盐”使用者的人口统计学特征。
对“浴盐”志愿者使用者进行的前瞻性网络调查。研究对象的招募/排除：通过在用户常浏览的网络论坛上发布帖子来招募参与者。还通过区域毒品信息中心传播了参与邀请。如果参与者拒绝数据分析、提供不完整的调查、年龄在 18 岁以下（5 例）或答案明显不可信（即，2 例在自由格式输入字段中输入亵渎性语言），则将其排除在研究之外。共有 180 名参与者中的 96 名提供了完整的调查问卷。进一步对这些问卷进行了分析。
74%的受访者为男性。41%的受访者年龄在 30 岁以下，另有 38%的受访者年龄在 30 至 39 岁之间。62%的研究对象在过去一年中使用过“浴盐”超过 10 天。最常使用的给药途径是鼻内和静脉途径。约 80%的受访者报告称有狂欢性使用。经常同时使用阿片类药物和鸦片类药物。最常见的并发症是长时间意识模糊（47%）。16%的受访者曾被非自愿监禁。三分之一的受访者有暴力想法，其中 16%的人对自己或他人实施了这些想法。约 44%的受访者报告称，在使用“浴盐”后会进行高危性行为。约 31%的受访者在醉酒时开车或骑车。约 6%的受访者因销售“浴盐”而与执法部门发生问题，16%的受访者因在使用“浴盐”期间犯罪而与执法部门发生问题。总之，“浴盐”使用者通常是二十多岁和三十多岁的年轻男性。他们大多是有经验的药物使用者，尤其是酒精和阿片类药物/鸦片类药物。自我报告的暴力、高危性行为、犯罪和违反交通规则的高发生率表明，其对社会的影响是巨大的。
