Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Nutrients. 2017 Jul 19;9(7):769. doi: 10.3390/nu9070769.
There is growing evidence from both observational and intervention studies that Whole Grain (WG) cereals exert beneficial effects on human health, especially on the metabolic profile. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) to assess the acute and medium/long-term effect of WG foods on glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals.
A search for all the published RCT on the effect of WG food intake on glycaemic and insulin response was performed up to December 2016. Effect size consisted of mean difference (MD) and 95% CI between the outcomes of intervention and the control groups using the generic inverse-variance random effects model.
The meta-analysis of the 14 studies testing the acute effects of WG foods showed significant reductions of the post-prandial values of the glucose iAUC (0-120 min) by -29.71 mmol min/L (95% CI: -43.57, -15.85 mmol min/L), the insulin iAUC (0-120 min) by -2.01 nmol min/L (95% CI: -2.88, -1.14 nmol min/L), and the maximal glucose and insulin response. In 16 medium- and long-term RCTs, effects of WG foods on fasting glucose and insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance values were not significant.
The consumption of WG foods is able to improve acutely the postprandial glucose and insulin homeostasis compared to similar refined foods in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to better understand the long-term effects and the biological mechanisms.
越来越多的观察性研究和干预性研究证据表明，全谷物（WG）谷物对人体健康有有益影响，尤其是对代谢特征。本研究旨在进行荟萃分析随机对照试验（RCT），以评估 WG 食品对健康个体血糖控制和胰岛素敏感性的急性和中/长期影响。
截至 2016 年 12 月，对所有关于 WG 食物摄入对血糖和胰岛素反应影响的已发表 RCT 进行了检索。使用通用倒数方差随机效应模型，效应量由干预组和对照组之间的平均值差异（MD）和 95%置信区间（CI）组成。
对 14 项测试 WG 食品急性作用的研究进行荟萃分析显示，WG 食物可显著降低餐后血糖 iAUC（0-120 分钟）-29.71mmol·min/L（95%CI：-43.57，-15.85mmol·min/L）、胰岛素 iAUC（0-120 分钟）-2.01nmol·min/L（95%CI：-2.88，-1.14nmol·min/L）和最大血糖和胰岛素反应。在 16 项中/长期 RCT 中，WG 食物对空腹血糖和胰岛素以及稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗值的影响不显著。
与健康受试者中类似的精制食品相比，食用 WG 食品能够急性改善餐后血糖和胰岛素稳态。需要进一步研究以更好地了解长期影响和生物学机制。
