Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea.
Sensors (Basel). 2017 Jul 19;17(7):1661. doi: 10.3390/s17071661.
In the brain, nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are important signaling gases which have multifaceted roles, such as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and vasodilators. Even though it is difficult to measure NO and CO in a living system due to their high diffusibility and extremely low release levels, electrochemical sensors are promising tools to measure in vivo and in vitro NO and CO gases. In this paper, using amperometric dual and septuple NO/CO microsensors, real-time NO and CO changes evoked by glutamate were monitored simultaneously for human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. In cultures, the cells were differentiated and matured into functional neurons by retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. When glutamate was administrated to the cells, both NO and CO increases and subsequent decreases returning to the basal levels were observed with a dual NO/CO microsensor. In order to facilitate sensor's measurement, a flower-type septuple NO/CO microsensor was newly developed and confirmed in terms of the sensitivity and selectivity. The septuple microsensor was employed for the measurements of NO and CO changes as a function of distances from the position of glutamate injection. Our sensor measurements revealed that only functionally differentiated cells responded to glutamate and released NO and CO.
在大脑中，一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化碳（CO）是重要的信号气体，具有多种作用，如神经递质、神经调节剂和血管扩张剂。尽管由于其高扩散性和极低的释放水平，很难在活系统中测量 NO 和 CO，但电化学传感器是测量体内和体外 NO 和 CO 气体的有前途的工具。在本文中，使用安培双和七重一氧化氮/一氧化碳微传感器，同时监测谷氨酸诱发的人神经母细胞瘤（SH-SY5Y）细胞中实时的 NO 和 CO 变化。在培养物中，细胞通过视黄酸和脑源性神经营养因子分化并成熟为功能性神经元。当谷氨酸被给予细胞时，用双一氧化氮/一氧化碳微传感器观察到 NO 和 CO 的增加以及随后的减少回到基础水平。为了便于传感器的测量，新开发了一种花型七重一氧化氮/一氧化碳微传感器，并在灵敏度和选择性方面进行了验证。七重微传感器用于测量作为谷氨酸注射位置距离函数的 NO 和 CO 变化。我们的传感器测量结果表明，只有功能分化的细胞对谷氨酸作出反应并释放 NO 和 CO。
