Section of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Nutrients. 2017 Jul 19;9(7):776. doi: 10.3390/nu9070776.
Iron supplementation may have adverse health effects in infants, probably through manipulation of the gut microbiome. Previous research in low-resource settings have focused primarily on anemic infants. This was a double blind, randomized, controlled trial of home fortification comparing multiple micronutrient powder (MNP) with and without iron. Six-month-old, non- or mildly anemic, predominantly-breastfed Kenyan infants in a rural malaria-endemic area were randomized to consume: (1) MNP containing 12.5 mg iron (MNP+Fe, = 13); (2) MNP containing no iron (MNP-Fe, = 13); or (3) Placebo (CONTROL, = 7), from 6-9 months of age. Fecal microbiota were profiled by high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Markers of inflammation in serum and stool samples were also measured. At baseline, the most abundant phylum was Proteobacteria (37.6% of rRNA sequences). The proteobacterial genus was the most abundant genus across all phyla (30.1% of sequences). At the end of the intervention, the relative abundance of significantly decreased in MNP-Fe (-16.05 ± 6.9%, = 0.05) and CONTROL (-19.75 ± 4.5%, = 0.01), but not in the MNP+Fe group (-6.23 ± 9%, = 0.41). The second most abundant genus at baseline was (17.3%), the relative abundance of which significantly decreased in MNP+Fe (-6.38 ± 2.5%, = 0.02) and CONTROL (-8.05 ± 1.46%, = 0.01), but not in MNP-Fe (-4.27 ± 5%, = 0.4445). increased in MNP-Fe only (1.9 ± 0.5%, = 0.02). No significant differences were observed in inflammation markers, except for IL-8, which decreased in CONTROL. MNP fortification over three months in non- or mildly anemic Kenyan infants can potentially alter the gut microbiome. Consistent with previous research, addition of iron to the MNP may adversely affect the colonization of potential beneficial microbes and attenuate the decrease of potential pathogens.
铁补充剂可能对婴儿的健康产生不良影响，这可能是通过对肠道微生物组的操纵。以前在资源匮乏的环境中的研究主要集中在贫血婴儿身上。这是一项在家中强化比较多种微量营养素粉（MNP）与铁和无铁的双盲、随机、对照试验。在一个农村疟疾流行地区，6 个月大的非或轻度贫血、主要母乳喂养的肯尼亚婴儿被随机分配到以下三组：（1）含有 12.5 毫克铁的 MNP（MNP+Fe，n=13）；（2）不含铁的 MNP（MNP-Fe，n=13）；或（3）安慰剂（CONTROL，n=7），从 6 至 9 个月大时服用。通过高通量细菌 16S rRNA 基因测序来分析粪便微生物组。还测量了血清和粪便样本中的炎症标志物。在基线时，最丰富的门是变形菌门（占 rRNA 序列的 37.6%）。变形菌门的属在所有门中都是最丰富的属（占序列的 30.1%）。在干预结束时，MNP-Fe（-16.05±6.9%，=0.05）和 CONTROL（-19.75±4.5%，=0.01）中 的相对丰度显著下降，但 MNP+Fe 组中没有（-6.23±9%，=0.41）。基线时第二丰富的属是（17.3%），MNP+Fe（-6.38±2.5%，=0.02）和 CONTROL（-8.05±1.46%，=0.01）中 的相对丰度显著下降，但 MNP-Fe 中没有（-4.27±5%，=0.4445）。仅在 MNP-Fe 中 增加（1.9±0.5%，=0.02）。除了白细胞介素 8（IL-8）下降外，炎症标志物没有观察到显著差异。在非或轻度贫血的肯尼亚婴儿中，MNP 强化补充 3 个月可能会改变肠道微生物组。与以前的研究一致，在 MNP 中添加铁可能会对潜在有益微生物的定植产生不利影响，并减弱潜在病原体的减少。
