Zota Ami R, Singla Veena, Adamkiewicz Gary, Mitro Susanna D, Dodson Robin E
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
Health and Environment Program, Natural Resources Defense Council, San Francisco, California, USA.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2017 Jul 29;71(9):937-40. doi: 10.1136/jech-2016-208676.
Indoor environments can influence human environmental chemical exposures and, ultimately, public health. Furniture, electronics, personal care and cleaning products, floor coverings and other consumer products contain chemicals that can end up in the indoor air and settled dust. Consumer product chemicals such as phthalates, phenols, flame retardants and per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances are widely detected in the US general population, including vulnerable populations, and are associated with adverse health effects such as reproductive and endocrine toxicity. We discuss the implications of our recent meta-analysis describing the patterns of chemical exposures and the ubiquity of multiple chemicals in indoor environments. To reduce the likelihood of exposures to these toxic chemicals, we then discuss approaches for exposure mitigation: targeting individual behaviour change, household maintenance and purchasing decisions, consumer advocacy and corporate responsibility in consumer markets, and regulatory action via state/federal policies. There is a need to further develop evidence-based strategies for chemical exposure reduction in each of these areas, given the multi-factorial nature of the problem. Further identifying those at greatest risk; understanding the individual, household and community factors that influence indoor chemical exposures; and developing options for mitigation may substantially improve individuals' exposures and health.
室内环境会影响人类对环境化学物质的接触，最终影响公众健康。家具、电子产品、个人护理和清洁产品、地板覆盖物及其他消费品都含有可能最终进入室内空气和积尘中的化学物质。邻苯二甲酸盐、酚类、阻燃剂以及全氟和多氟烷基物质等消费品化学物质在美国普通人群（包括弱势群体）中被广泛检测到，并且与生殖和内分泌毒性等不良健康影响有关。我们讨论了我们最近的荟萃分析的意义，该分析描述了化学物质接触模式以及室内环境中多种化学物质的普遍存在情况。为了降低接触这些有毒化学物质的可能性，我们接着讨论了减轻接触的方法：针对个人行为改变、家庭维护和购买决策、消费者倡导以及消费市场中的企业责任，以及通过州/联邦政策采取监管行动。鉴于该问题的多因素性质，有必要在这些领域的每一个中进一步制定基于证据的减少化学物质接触的策略。进一步识别风险最大的人群；了解影响室内化学物质接触的个人、家庭和社区因素；以及制定减轻接触的方案，可能会大幅改善个人的接触情况和健康状况。
