衰老肺成纤维细胞中 EC-SOD 表达的表观遗传调控:组蛋白乙酰化的作用。

Epigenetic regulation of EC-SOD expression in aging lung fibroblasts: Role of histone acetylation.

机构信息

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.

Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.

出版信息

Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Nov;112:212-223. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.028. Epub 2017 Jul 27.

Abstract

Lung disorders characterized by fibroproliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrices occur in late adulthood, and their pathological manifestations become more prominent with aging. The exact mechanisms linking aging and fibroproliferative disorders are unknown, but increased oxidative stress resulting in the accumulation of damaged proteins, DNA, and lipids is considered a major factor. In the lung, and especially in the pulmonary fibroblasts, the extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a major antioxidant enzyme that has been implicated in pulmonary fibrosing disorders, among others. Here, we investigate the regulation of EC-SOD in pulmonary lung fibroblasts derived from young (up to 3 month) and old (24 month) C57BL6 mice. We found that old fibroblasts have marginally elevated levels of reactive oxidant species (ROS), which coincides with attenuated expression a number of antioxidant enzymes including EC-SOD. Exposure of old fibroblasts to the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-dC did not restore expression of EC-SOD. On the other hand, repression of EC-SOD expression was associated with deacetylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 and lysines 5, 8, 12 and 16 on histone H4 located at the gene promoter. Interestingly, the repressive tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 was elevated in old compared to young fibroblasts. In addition, exposure of old lung fibroblasts to HDAC class 1 and class 2 inhibitors restored EC-SOD expression to the level observed in young fibroblasts. While the exact mechanism of age-dependent downregulation of EC-SOD is yet to be defined, our studies indicate a potential role of epigenetic mechanisms including histone deacetylation in this process.

摘要

肺纤维化疾病的特征为成纤维细胞增生和细胞外基质的过度沉积,这些疾病通常发生在成年晚期,且其病理表现随着年龄的增长而更加明显。导致衰老和纤维增生性疾病相关的确切机制尚不清楚,但普遍认为,氧化应激的增加导致损伤蛋白、DNA 和脂质的积累是一个主要因素。在肺部,特别是在肺成纤维细胞中,细胞外超氧化物歧化酶(EC-SOD)是一种主要的抗氧化酶,它与多种肺纤维化疾病有关。在这里,我们研究了从小鼠(3 个月龄)和老年(24 个月龄)C57BL6 中提取的肺成纤维细胞中 EC-SOD 的调节作用。我们发现,老年成纤维细胞中活性氧(ROS)的水平略有升高,这与多种抗氧化酶,包括 EC-SOD 的表达减弱相吻合。将老年成纤维细胞暴露于 DNA 甲基转移酶抑制剂 5-氮杂胞苷中,不能恢复 EC-SOD 的表达。另一方面,EC-SOD 表达的抑制与组蛋白 H3 赖氨酸 9 和组蛋白 H4 赖氨酸 5、8、12 和 16 的去乙酰化有关,这些赖氨酸位于基因启动子处。有趣的是,与年轻成纤维细胞相比,老年成纤维细胞中组蛋白 H3 赖氨酸 27 的抑制性三甲基化水平升高。此外,将老年肺成纤维细胞暴露于 HDAC 类 1 和类 2 抑制剂中,可将 EC-SOD 的表达恢复到年轻成纤维细胞中观察到的水平。虽然年龄依赖性下调 EC-SOD 的确切机制尚未确定,但我们的研究表明,包括组蛋白去乙酰化在内的表观遗传机制可能在这个过程中起作用。

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