Tettamanti L, Bassi M Andreasi, Trapella G, Candotto V, Tagliabue A
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
Private Practice in Rome, Italy.
Oral Implantol (Rome). 2017 Apr 10;10(1):37-44. doi: 10.11138/orl/2017.10.1.037. eCollection 2017 Jan-Mar.
Partially or totally edentulous jaws frequently undergoes from moderate to severe bone atrophy with problems of prosthetic rehabilitation. The inability to make a prosthetic rehabilitation on implants may led to the use of a partial or total removable denture with difficulties in eating and speech, ulcerations of the oral mucosa and loss of facial vertical dimension. These problems may be solved performing bone augmentation procedures. Bone grafts and distraction osteogenesis brought implant dentistry from an experimental practice to become a consolidate dental procedure. Bone grafts, in particular, are currently a valuable treatment modality for the prosthetic rehabilitation. Numerous biomaterials have been developed for the rehabilitation of partially or totally edentulous jaws with fixed or removable dentures. The aim of this paper is to describe biomaterials for bone augmentation. Biomaterials are gradually resorbed by the osteoclasts and replaced by new bone formed through osteoblastic activity. Many biomaterials have been studied, but the most common are as follows: Allogro®, Algipore®, Osteobiol®, Peptide-15, Engipore®, Medpore®, Osteoplant®, Calcium sulfate, Perioglass®, Bio-Oss®, Calcium phosphate.
部分或完全无牙颌常出现中度至重度骨萎缩，并伴有修复重建问题。无法在种植体上进行修复重建可能导致使用局部或全口可摘义齿，从而出现进食和说话困难、口腔黏膜溃疡以及面部垂直距离丧失等问题。这些问题可通过进行骨增量手术来解决。骨移植和牵张成骨使种植牙学从一种实验性实践发展成为一种成熟的牙科手术。特别是骨移植，目前是修复重建的一种有价值的治疗方式。已经开发出多种生物材料用于通过固定或可摘义齿修复部分或完全无牙颌。本文的目的是描述用于骨增量的生物材料。生物材料会逐渐被破骨细胞吸收，并被通过成骨细胞活动形成的新骨替代。已经研究了许多生物材料，但最常见的如下：Allogro®、Algipore®、Osteobiol®、Peptide - 15、Engipore®、Medpore®、Osteoplant®、硫酸钙、Perioglass®、Bio - Oss®、磷酸钙。
