a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , Boston University , 648 Beacon St., #6, Boston , MA 02215 , USA.
Cogn Behav Ther. 2018 Jan;47(1):34-42. doi: 10.1080/16506073.2017.1342173. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
A recent meta-analysis by Bolier et al. indicated that positive psychology interventions have overall small to moderate effects on well-being, but results were quite heterogeneous across intervention trials. Such meta-analytic research helps condense information on the efficacy of a broad psychosocial intervention by averaging across many effects; however, such global averages may provide limited navigational guidance for selecting among specific interventions. Here, we introduce a novel method for displaying qualitative and quantitative information on the efficacy of interventions using a topographical map approach. As an initial prototype for demonstrating this method, we mapped 50 positive psychology interventions targeting well-being (as captured in the Bolier et al. [2013] meta-analysis, [Bolier, L., Haverman, M., Westerhof, G. J., Riper, H., Smit, F., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2013). Positive psychology interventions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health, 13, 83]). Each intervention domain/subdomain was mapped according to its average effect size (indexed by vertical elevation), number of studies providing effect sizes (indexed by horizontal area), and therapist/client burden (indexed by shading). The geographical placement of intervention domains/subdomains was determined by their conceptual proximity, allowing viewers to gauge the general conceptual "direction" in which promising intervention effects can be found. The resulting graphical displays revealed several prominent features of the well-being intervention "landscape," such as more strongly and uniformly positive effects of future-focused interventions (including, goal-pursuit and optimism training) compared to past/present-focused ones.
博利尔等人最近的一项荟萃分析表明，积极心理学干预对幸福感有整体上小到中等的影响，但干预试验的结果差异很大。这种元分析研究通过对许多效应进行平均化，有助于对广泛的心理社会干预的疗效信息进行浓缩；然而，这种全局平均值可能为在特定干预措施中进行选择提供有限的导航指导。在这里，我们引入了一种使用地形地图方法显示干预效果的定性和定量信息的新方法。作为展示该方法的初始原型，我们绘制了 50 种针对幸福感的积极心理学干预措施（如博利尔等人的[2013]荟萃分析[Bolier，L.，Haverman，M.，Westerhof，G. J.，Riper，H.，Smit，F.，& Bohlmeijer，E.（2013）。积极心理学干预：随机对照研究的荟萃分析。BMC 公共卫生，13，83]）。每个干预领域/子领域都根据其平均效应大小（以垂直高度表示）、提供效应大小的研究数量（以水平面积表示）和治疗师/客户负担（以阴影表示）进行映射。干预领域/子领域的地理位置是由它们的概念接近度决定的，允许观众评估可以找到有前途的干预效果的一般概念“方向”。由此产生的图形显示揭示了幸福感干预“景观”的几个突出特征，例如，与过去/现在为重点的干预相比，未来为重点的干预（包括目标追求和乐观训练）的效果更强烈和更一致。
