Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología,", Madrid, Spain.
Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
Med Res Rev. 2017 Nov;37(6):1350-1372. doi: 10.1002/med.21460. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Recent advances in the understanding of molecular characteristics helped to determine which tumors are most likely to progress. About 50% of patients carrying genetic alterations such as chromosomal aberrations and mutations are at significant risk for metastatic disease of which the majority will succumb to UM within few months. Currently, there is no effective treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma, and we hope this review will encourage researchers and clinicians to work to find a better standard of care. In this article we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular framework of UM, highlighting the most common mutations involved in this kind of cancer. It also covers the most recent treatments from basic research to clinical trials, including small molecules, nucleic acids or immunotherapy, among others. It is intended to serve as a key reference for clinicians and researchers working in this field.
葡萄膜黑色素瘤（UM）是成年人中最常见的原发性眼内恶性肿瘤。对分子特征的深入了解有助于确定哪些肿瘤最有可能进展。约有 50%的携带染色体异常和基因突变等遗传改变的患者存在发生转移疾病的显著风险，其中大多数患者将在数月内死于 UM。目前，对于转移性葡萄膜黑色素瘤尚无有效的治疗方法，我们希望这篇综述能鼓励研究人员和临床医生努力寻找更好的治疗标准。在本文中，我们提供了 UM 的分子框架的全面概述，重点介绍了涉及这种癌症的最常见突变。它还涵盖了从小分子、核酸到免疫疗法等基础研究到临床试验的最新治疗方法。它旨在为从事该领域的临床医生和研究人员提供重要参考。
