Exercise Science Department, East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Apr;34(4):1017-1023. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002009.
Rossetti, ML, Munford, SN, Snyder, BW, Davis, SE, and Moir, GL. The effects of multiple sets of squats and jump squats on mechanical variables. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1017-1023, 2020-The mechanical responses to 2 nonballistic squat and 2 ballistic jump squat protocols performed over multiple sets were investigated. One protocol from each of the 2 nonballistic and ballistic conditions incorporated a pause between the eccentric and concentric phases of the movements in order to determine the influence of the coupling time on the mechanical variables and postactivation potentiation (PAP). Eleven men (age: 21.9 ± 1.8 years; height: 1.79 ± 0.05 m; mass: 87.0 ± 7.4 kg) attended 4 sessions where they performed multiple sets of squats and jump squats with a load equivalent to 30% 1-repetition maximum under one of the following conditions: (a) 3 × 4 repetitions of nonballistic squats (30N-B); (b) 3 × 4 repetitions of nonballistic squats with a 3-second pause between the eccentric and concentric phases of each repetition (30PN-B); (c) 3 × 4 repetitions of ballistic jump squats (30B); (d) 3 × 4 repetitions of ballistic jump squats with a 3-second pause between the eccentric and concentric phases of each repetition (30PB). Force plates were used to calculate variables including average vertical velocity, average vertical force (GRF), and average power output (PO). Vertical velocities during the ballistic conditions were significantly greater than those attained during the nonballistic conditions (mean differences: 0.21-0.25 m·s, p < 0.001, effect sizes [ES]: 1.70-1.89) as were GRFs (mean differences: 478-526 N, p < 0.001, ES: 1.61-1.63), and PO (mean differences: 711-869 W, p < 0.001, ES: 1.66-1.73). Moreover, the increase in PO across the 3 sets in 30B was significantly greater than the changes observed during 30N-B, 30PN-B, and 30PB (p ≤ 0.015). The pause reduced the mechanical variables during both the nonballistic and ballistic conditions, although the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Ballistic jump squats may be an effective exercise for developing PO given the high velocities and forces generated in these exercises. Furthermore, the completion of multiple sets of jump squats may induce PAP to enhance PO. The coupling times between the eccentric and concentric phases of the jump squats should be short in order to maximize the GRF and PO across the sets.
罗塞蒂、芒福德、斯奈德、戴维斯和莫尔。多组深蹲和跳蹲对力学变量的影响。《力量与体能研究杂志》34（4）：1017-1023，2020-研究了两种非弹式深蹲和两种弹式跳蹲方案在多组运动中的力学反应。为了确定耦合时间对力学变量和后激活增强（PAP）的影响，两种非弹式和弹式条件中的一种方案在离心和向心阶段之间有一个停顿。11 名男性（年龄：21.9±1.8 岁；身高：1.79±0.05 米；体重：87.0±7.4 公斤）参加了 4 次会议，在以下条件下进行了多组深蹲和跳蹲：（a）3×4 次非弹式深蹲（30N-B）；（b）3×4 次非弹式深蹲，每次重复之间有 3 秒的停顿；（c）3×4 次弹式跳蹲（30B）；（d）3×4 次弹式跳蹲，每次重复之间有 3 秒的停顿。力板用于计算变量，包括平均垂直速度、平均垂直力（GRF）和平均功率输出（PO）。在弹式条件下的垂直速度明显大于非弹式条件下的垂直速度（平均差异：0.21-0.25m·s，p<0.001，效应大小[ES]：1.70-1.89），GRF（平均差异：478-526N，p<0.001，ES：1.61-1.63）和 PO（平均差异：711-869W，p<0.001，ES：1.66-1.73）也是如此。此外，30B 中三组的 PO 增加量明显大于 30N-B、30PN-B 和 30PB 观察到的变化（p≤0.015）。虽然差异没有统计学意义（p>0.05），但停顿减少了非弹式和弹式条件下的力学变量。弹式跳蹲可能是一种有效的发展 PO 的运动，因为这些运动产生了高速度和高力量。此外，完成多组跳蹲可能会诱导 PAP 以增强 PO。为了最大限度地提高整个组的 GRF 和 PO，跳蹲的离心和向心阶段之间的耦合时间应该短。
