2002年至2012年急救人员受伤的急性化学事故
Acute Chemical Incidents With Injured First Responders, 2002-2012.
作者信息
Melnikova Natalia, Wu Jennifer, Yang Alice, Orr Maureen
机构信息
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences,Environmental Health Surveillance Branch;Atlanta,Georgia.
出版信息
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2018 Apr;12(2):211-221. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2017.50. Epub 2017 Aug 1.
UNLABELLED
IntroductionFirst responders, including firefighters, police officers, emergency medical services, and company emergency response team members, have dangerous jobs that can bring them in contact with hazardous chemicals among other dangers. Limited information is available on responder injuries that occur during hazardous chemical incidents.
METHODS
We analyzed 2002-2012 data on acute chemical incidents with injured responders from 2 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry chemical incident surveillance programs. To learn more about such injuries, we performed descriptive analysis and looked for trends.
RESULTS
The percentage of responders among all injured people in chemical incidents has not changed over the years. Firefighters were the most frequently injured group of responders, followed by police officers. Respiratory system problems were the most often reported injury, and the respiratory irritants, ammonia, methamphetamine-related chemicals, and carbon monoxide were the chemicals more often associated with injuries. Most of the incidents with responder injuries were caused by human error or equipment failure. Firefighters wore personal protective equipment (PPE) most frequently and police officers did so rarely. Police officers' injuries were mostly associated with exposure to ammonia and methamphetamine-related chemicals. Most responders did not receive basic awareness-level hazardous material training.
CONCLUSION
All responders should have at least basic awareness-level hazardous material training to recognize and avoid exposure. Research on improving firefighter PPE should continue. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:211-221).
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引言
急救人员，包括消防员、警察、紧急医疗服务人员以及公司应急响应团队成员，从事着危险的工作，除其他危险外，还可能使他们接触到危险化学品。关于危险化学品事故期间急救人员受伤情况的信息有限。
方法
我们分析了来自两个有毒物质和疾病登记处化学事故监测项目的2002 - 2012年急性化学事故中急救人员受伤的数据。为了更多地了解此类伤害，我们进行了描述性分析并寻找趋势。
结果
多年来，化学事故中所有受伤人员中急救人员的比例没有变化。消防员是受伤最频繁的急救人员群体，其次是警察。呼吸系统问题是报告最多的伤害，呼吸刺激物、氨、与甲基苯丙胺相关的化学品以及一氧化碳是与伤害关联更频繁的化学品。大多数急救人员受伤的事故是由人为错误或设备故障引起的。消防员最常佩戴个人防护装备（PPE），而警察很少佩戴。警察的受伤大多与接触氨和与甲基苯丙胺相关的化学品有关。大多数急救人员没有接受过基本的危险物质意识水平培训。
结论
所有急救人员都应至少接受基本的危险物质意识水平培训，以识别和避免接触。应继续开展关于改进消防员个人防护装备的研究。（《灾难医学与公共卫生防范》。2018；12：211 - 221）
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