1Department of Psychiatry,University of California,San Diego,La Jolla,California.
2Center for Behavioral Genetics of Aging,University of California, San Diego,La Jolla,California.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2018 Jan;24(1):67-76. doi: 10.1017/S1355617717000637. Epub 2017 Aug 1.
Sleep quality affects memory and executive function in older adults, but little is known about its effects in midlife. If it affects cognition in midlife, it may be a modifiable factor for later-life functioning.
We examined the association between sleep quality and cognition in 1220 middle-aged male twins (age 51-60 years) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. We interviewed participants with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and tested them for episodic memory as well as executive functions of inhibitory and interference control, updating in working memory, and set shifting. Interference control was assessed during episodic memory, inhibitory control during working memory, and non-memory conditions and set shifting during working memory and non-memory conditions.
After adjusting for covariates and correcting for multiple comparisons, sleep quality was positively associated with updating in working memory, set shifting in the context of working memory, and better visual-spatial (but not verbal) episodic memory, and at trend level, with interference control in the context of episodic memory.
Sleep quality was associated with visual-spatial recall and possible resistance to proactive/retroactive interference. It was also associated with updating in working memory and with set shifting, but only when working memory demands were relatively high. Thus, effects of sleep quality on midlife cognition appear to be at the intersection of executive function and memory processes. Subtle deficits in these age-susceptible cognitive functions may indicate increased risk for decline in cognitive abilities later in life that might be reduced by improved midlife sleep quality. (JINS, 2018, 24, 67-76).
睡眠质量会影响老年人的记忆力和执行功能，但人们对其在中年期的影响知之甚少。如果它会影响中年期的认知能力，那么它可能是影响晚年生活功能的一个可改变的因素。
我们研究了 1220 名中年男性双胞胎（年龄在 51-60 岁）中睡眠质量与认知之间的关系，这些双胞胎来自越南时代的衰老双胞胎研究。我们使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数对参与者进行访谈，并对他们进行情景记忆以及执行功能（包括抑制和干扰控制、工作记忆中的更新、工作记忆和非记忆条件下的转换以及工作记忆和非记忆条件下的干扰控制）的测试。在情景记忆中评估干扰控制，在工作记忆中评估抑制控制，在非记忆条件下评估更新，在工作记忆和非记忆条件下评估转换。
在调整了协变量并进行了多次比较的校正后，睡眠质量与工作记忆中的更新、工作记忆中的转换以及更好的视觉空间（但不是语言）情景记忆呈正相关，与情景记忆中的干扰控制呈趋势相关。
睡眠质量与视觉空间回忆以及对前摄/回溯干扰的可能抵抗有关。它还与工作记忆中的更新以及转换有关，但仅在工作记忆需求相对较高时才会如此。因此，睡眠质量对中年认知的影响似乎处于执行功能和记忆过程的交汇处。这些在年龄上容易出现缺陷的认知功能的细微缺陷可能表明晚年认知能力下降的风险增加，而改善中年期的睡眠质量可能会降低这种风险。（JINS，2018，24，67-76）。
