Martins Aline Moutinho, Bello Moreira Annie Seixas, Canella Daniela Silva, Rodrigues Juliana, Santin Fernanda, Wanderley Brenda, Lourenço Roberto Alves, Avesani Carla Maria
Graduate program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Graduate program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Applied Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2017 Sep;41:73-79. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.03.013. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
The multiple dietary restrictions recommended to patients on hemodialysis (HD), coupled with conditions imposed by aging, may lead to poor dietary quality in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary quality and consumption of ultraprocessed food by elderly patients on HD and those without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Additionally, diets on the day of dialysis and on nondialysis days were evaluated.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 153 noninstitutionalized elderly patients on HD (Elder-HD) and 47 non-CKD elderly (Elder-Healthy) aged ≥60 y. From a 3-d food record, the dietary quality was assessed using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) and the energy contribution of food-processing groups.
Compared with the Elder-Healthy group, the Elder-HD group showed a lower total BHEI-R score (P < 0.05). On the weekdays, the Elder-HD group showed lower scores (P < 0.05) of whole fruit, dark green vegetables and legumes, meat, eggs, and legumes, whereas total cereals showed a higher score (P < 0.05). When furthering the analysis on the Elder-HD group, although the total BHEI-R score did not differ among the days assessed, the components whole fruit, dark green vegetables, and legumes had lower scores (P < 0.05) on the day of dialysis, and the opposite was observed for milk and dairy products. Moreover, the Elder-HD showed a higher (P < 0.05) contribution of processed and ultraprocessed foods and lower (P < 0.05) contribution of natural or minimally processed foods.
The Elder-HD group showed poorer dietary quality and higher consumption of processed and ultraprocessed foods than the Elder-Healthy group. Moreover, when compared with the nondialysis day, these patients exhibited worse dietary quality, on the day of dialysis.
推荐给血液透析（HD）患者的多种饮食限制，再加上衰老带来的各种状况，可能导致这些患者的饮食质量较差。本研究的目的是调查老年HD患者和无慢性肾脏病（CKD）的老年人的饮食质量及超加工食品的摄入量。此外，还对透析日和非透析日的饮食进行了评估。
这是一项横断面研究，研究对象为153名≥60岁的非机构化老年HD患者（老年HD组）和47名非CKD老年人（老年健康组）。根据3天的食物记录，使用巴西修订版健康饮食指数（BHEI-R）和食品加工组的能量贡献来评估饮食质量。
与老年健康组相比，老年HD组的BHEI-R总分较低（P<0.05）。在工作日，老年HD组的全果、深绿色蔬菜和豆类、肉类、蛋类以及豆类的得分较低（P<0.05），而总谷物得分较高（P<0.05）。在对老年HD组进行进一步分析时，尽管评估的各天BHEI-R总分没有差异，但全果、深绿色蔬菜和豆类在透析日得分较低（P<0.05），而牛奶和乳制品则相反。此外，老年HD组加工和超加工食品的贡献较高（P<0.05），天然或最低限度加工食品的贡献较低（P<0.05）。
与老年健康组相比，老年HD组的饮食质量较差，加工和超加工食品的摄入量较高。此外，与非透析日相比，这些患者在透析日的饮食质量更差。
