Pooley Sam, Spendiff Owen, Allen Matt, Moir Hannah J
Medical and Sports Science Department, Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, London, UK.
School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, London, UK.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2017 Apr 22;3(1):e000202. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2016-000202. eCollection 2017.
Static stretching (SS) is a recovery intervention used for the reduction of muscle soreness postexercise. The effects of SS on elite young footballers have received little attention, and therefore the aim of this study was to assess the effects of SS on muscle recovery following competitive soccer matches in elite young footballers.
Ten male participants (16±1 years) were recruited from an English Premier League professional soccer academy. Using a controlled crossover design, participants followed one of two recovery interventions (SS or passive recovery (PR)) immediately following completion of competitive soccer matches. Muscle oedema, creatine kinase (CK), countermovement jump with arms (CMJA) performance and perceived muscle soreness were assessed before, immediately after and 48 hours postmatch.
Competitive soccer matches significantly induced muscle damage, with time intervals of perceived soreness and CK showing significant increases (p<0.05), and CMJA showing significant decreases between prematch, postmatch and 48 hours postmatch for both SS and PR (p<0.05). Comparisons of the absolute effects of SS with PR only revealed significant decreases for CK 48 hours postmatch (p<0.05) as a result of SS intervention.
The current study demonstrated competitive soccer matches induced muscle damage, which may have detrimental effects on future performance within 24-48 hours postmatch. Furthermore, there was limited evidence to suggest SS would assist in the reduction of muscle soreness postexercise. Therefore, it can be argued that SS is not a beneficial recovery option for elite youth soccer players.
静态拉伸（SS）是一种用于减轻运动后肌肉酸痛的恢复干预措施。SS对精英年轻足球运动员的影响很少受到关注，因此本研究的目的是评估SS对精英年轻足球运动员在足球比赛后肌肉恢复的影响。
从一家英超职业足球学院招募了10名男性参与者（16±1岁）。采用对照交叉设计，参与者在完成足球比赛后立即进行两种恢复干预措施之一（SS或被动恢复（PR））。在比赛前、比赛后立即和比赛后48小时评估肌肉水肿、肌酸激酶（CK）、双臂反向纵跳（CMJA）表现和肌肉酸痛感。
足球比赛显著导致肌肉损伤，两种恢复干预措施（SS和PR）的肌肉酸痛感和CK的时间间隔均显著增加（p<0.05），CMJA在比赛前、比赛后和比赛后48小时之间均显著下降（p<0.05）。SS与PR绝对效果的比较仅显示，由于SS干预，比赛后48小时CK显著下降（p<0.05）。
本研究表明足球比赛会导致肌肉损伤，这可能对比赛后24 - 48小时内的未来表现产生不利影响。此外，仅有有限的证据表明SS有助于减轻运动后的肌肉酸痛。因此，可以认为SS对精英青年足球运动员而言并非有益的恢复选择。
