Rocha Maria João, Dores-Sousa José Luís, Cruzeiro Catarina, Rocha Eduardo
Histomorphology, Physiopathology, and Applied Toxicology Group, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (UPorto), 4099-002, Porto, Portugal.
Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), UPorto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Aug;189(8):425. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6137-6. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
This study investigated the presence of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) in waters from the Douro River estuary and nearby Atlantic seacoast, which both bath the Porto metropolis. In the area, there is an oil refinery, an important harbour, an intense maritime traffic, small marinas and highly inhabited cities. For the analysis of PAHs, water samples were taken from four sampling sites, at six different times of the year (2011), and extracted by solid-phase extraction (dissolved fraction) and by ultrasound technique (suspended fraction), before their quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results not only proved the ubiquitous distribution of all analysed PAHs in the present habitat, but also that their global amounts (∑PAHs) were extremely high at all sampling sites. Their average concentrations attained ≈ 55 ng/L and ≈ 52 μg/g dry weight (dw), respectively, in water and surface sediments. Accordingly, the surveyed area was classified as highly polluted by these organics and so, in view of the concentrations, mutagenic/carcinogenic responses in both humans and aquatic animals are possible to occur. The percentages of carcinogenic PAHs for humans (group 1) dissolved in water and in surface sediments were ca. 5 and 6%, respectively. These results are the first reported in the area and can be used as a baseline for future control of the PAHs levels locally while serving the building of global scenarios of PAHs pollution in Europe. Graphical abstract Percentage of PAHs, from different categories acordingly to WHO (2016), in both surface sediments and surface waters from Douro River estuary and Porto Atlantic seacoast; group 1 - carcinogenic, group 2A - probably carcinogenic, group 2B - possibly carcinogenic, and group 3 - not classifiable as carcinogenic to humans.
本研究调查了杜罗河河口及附近大西洋海岸水域中16种优先多环芳烃化合物（PAHs）的存在情况，这两个区域都环绕着波尔图市。该区域有一座炼油厂、一个重要港口、繁忙的海上交通、小型游艇船坞以及人口密集的城市。为分析多环芳烃，于2011年全年六个不同时间从四个采样点采集水样，并分别通过固相萃取（溶解部分）和超声技术（悬浮部分）进行萃取，然后采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪进行定量分析。结果不仅证明了所有分析的多环芳烃在当前栖息地广泛分布，而且所有采样点的总量（∑PAHs）都极高。在水和表层沉积物中，它们的平均浓度分别达到约55纳克/升和约52微克/克干重。因此，该调查区域被归类为受这些有机物高度污染，鉴于这些浓度，人类和水生动物都有可能发生诱变/致癌反应。溶解在水中和表层沉积物中的对人类致癌的多环芳烃（第1组）百分比分别约为5%和6%。这些结果是该区域首次报道的，可作为未来当地多环芳烃水平控制的基线，同时有助于构建欧洲多环芳烃污染的全球情景。图形摘要 根据世界卫生组织（2016年）分类，杜罗河河口和波尔图大西洋海岸表层沉积物和表层水中不同类别多环芳烃的百分比；第1组 - 致癌，第2A组 - 可能致癌, 第2B组 - 可能致癌，第3组 - 对人类致癌性无法分类
