Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy.
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018 Jan 26;56(2):198-208. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2017-0397.
In this paper, the authors present a critical review of different studies regarding hair testing of endogenous γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), concentrations in chronic users, and values measured after a single GHB exposure in drug facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) cases together with the role of a recently identified GHB metabolite, GHB-glucuronide.
The following databases (up to March 2017) PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used, searching the following key words: γ-hydroxybutyrate, GHB, GHB glucuronide, hair. The main key words "GHB" and "γ-hydroxybutyrate" were searched singularly and then associated individually to each of the other keywords.
Of the 2304 sources found, only 20 were considered appropriate for the purpose of this paper. Summing up all the studies investigating endogenous GHB concentration in hair, a very broad concentration range from 0 to 12 ng/mg was found. In order to detect a single GHB dose in hair it is necessary to commonly wait 1 month for collecting hair and a segmental analysis of 3 or 5 mm fragments and the calculation of a ratio between the targeted segment and the others represent a reliable method to detect a single GHB intake considering that the ratios presently proposed vary from 3 and 10. The only two studies so far performed, investigating GHB-Glucuronide in hair, show that the latter does not seem to provide any diagnostic information regarding GHB exposure.
A practical operative protocol is proposed to be applied in all suspected cases of GHB-facilitated sexual assault (GHB-FSA).
本文对不同研究进行了批判性回顾，这些研究涉及内源性 γ-羟基丁酸 (GHB) 的毛发检测、慢性使用者的浓度，以及在药物辅助性性侵犯 (DFSA) 案件中单次 GHB 暴露后测量的数值，同时还探讨了最近发现的 GHB 代谢物 GHB-葡糖苷酸的作用。
本文使用了以下数据库（截至 2017 年 3 月）：PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science，搜索了以下关键词：γ-羟基丁酸、GHB、GHB 葡糖苷酸、毛发。主要关键词“GHB”和“γ-羟基丁酸”分别进行了搜索，然后分别与其他关键词进行了组合搜索。
在 2304 个来源中，只有 20 个被认为适合本文的目的。总结所有研究内源性 GHB 浓度在毛发中的研究，发现浓度范围非常广泛，从 0 到 12 ng/mg。为了在毛发中检测到单次 GHB 剂量，通常需要等待 1 个月来收集毛发，并对 3 或 5 毫米的片段进行分段分析，以及计算目标片段与其他片段之间的比值，这是一种可靠的方法，可以在考虑到目前提出的比值从 3 到 10 之间变化时，检测到单次 GHB 摄入。迄今为止进行的仅有的两项关于 GHB-葡糖苷酸在毛发中研究的研究表明，后者似乎没有提供任何关于 GHB 暴露的诊断信息。
提出了一个实用的操作方案，适用于所有疑似 GHB 辅助性性侵犯 (GHB-FSA) 的案件。
