Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Box 90239, Durham, NC 27708-7401, USA; RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
The Methodology Center, Penn State University, 431 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2017 Sep;189:145-151. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.07.004. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
To test whether exposure to violence is associated with same-day increases in obesogenic behaviors among young adolescents, including unhealthy food and beverage consumption, poor quality sleep, and lack of physical activity.
Young at-risk adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age were recruited via telephone screening from low-income neighborhoods. Adolescents and their parents completed in-person assessments, followed by Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) delivered to 151 adolescents' mobile phones three times a day for 30 days (4329 person days). Three obesogenic behaviors - unhealthy food consumption, poor sleep quality, and lack of physical activity - and violence exposure were assessed daily. Adolescents' body mass index (BMI) was assessed prior to the EMA and 18 months later. A replication was performed among 395 adolescents from a population-representative sample (with 5276 EMA person days).
On days that at-risk adolescents were exposed versus not exposed to violence, they were more likely to consume unhealthy foods and beverages (b = 0.12, p = 0.01), report feeling tired the next morning (OR = 1.58, p < 0.01), and to be active (OR = 1.61, p < 0.01). At-risk adolescents who reported higher consumption of soda and caffeinated beverages during the 30-day EMA were more likely to experience increases in BMI in later adolescence. Findings related to sleep and activity were supported in the population-based replication sample; however, no significant same-day associations were found between violence exposure and unhealthy dietary consumption.
This study provides evidence that exposure to violence is associated with same-day unhealthy dietary consumption among at-risk adolescents and next-day tiredness related to sleep quality among adolescents from both at-risk and normative populations. Findings also point to unhealthy soda consumption during early adolescence as an important predictor of weight gain among at-risk adolescents.
检验青少年在遭受暴力后，其肥胖相关行为（包括不健康的饮食和饮料摄入、睡眠质量差和缺乏身体活动）是否会在当天增加。
通过电话筛查，从低收入社区招募处于危险中的青少年。青少年及其父母完成了现场评估，然后在 30 天内向 151 名青少年的手机发送 3 次每日生态瞬时评估（EMA）（共 4329 人日）。每天评估三种肥胖相关行为 - 不健康的食物消费、睡眠质量差和缺乏身体活动 - 以及暴力暴露情况。在 EMA 之前和 18 个月后评估青少年的体重指数（BMI）。在具有代表性的人群样本中（有 5276 人日的 EMA），对 395 名青少年进行了重复研究。
与没有遭受暴力的日子相比，处于危险中的青少年在遭受暴力的日子里更有可能食用不健康的食物和饮料（b=0.12，p=0.01），报告第二天早上感到疲倦（OR=1.58，p<0.01），并且更活跃（OR=1.61，p<0.01）。在 30 天 EMA 期间报告饮用苏打水和含咖啡因饮料量较高的青少年，在青春期后期更有可能体重增加。在基于人群的重复样本中，睡眠和活动方面的发现得到了支持；然而，在遭受暴力与不健康饮食摄入之间没有发现当天的显著关联。
这项研究表明，暴露于暴力与高危青少年的当天不健康饮食摄入有关，并且在高危和普通人群的青少年中，与睡眠质量有关的第二天疲劳感有关。研究结果还表明，青少年时期不健康的苏打水消费是高危青少年体重增加的一个重要预测因素。
