Kashiwakura Saya, Motoyoshi Isamu
Department of Integrated Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan.
Department of Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jul 17;8:1195. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01195. eCollection 2017.
A number of psychophysical studies have shown that moving stimuli appear to last longer than static stimuli. Here, we report that the perceived duration for slow moving stimuli can be shorter than for static stimuli under specific circumstances. Observers were tested using natural movies presented at various speeds (0.0× = static, 0.25× = slow, or 1.9× = fast, relative to original speed) and indicated whether test duration was perceived as longer or shorter than comparison movies presented at their original speed. While fast movies were perceived as longer than slow and static movies (in accordance with previous studies), we found that slow movies were perceived as shorter (i.e., time compressed) compared to static images. Similar results were obtained for artificial stimuli consisting of drifting gratings. However, time compression for slow stimuli disappeared if comparison stimuli were replaced by a white static disk that removed repetitive exposures to moving stimuli. Results suggest that duration estimation is modulated by contextual effects induced by the specific diet - or distribution - of prior visual stimuli to which observers are exposed. A simple model, which includes a rapid recalibration of human time estimation via adaptation to preceding stimuli, succeeds in reproducing our experimental data.
多项心理物理学研究表明，移动刺激似乎比静态刺激持续的时间更长。在此，我们报告，在特定情况下，慢速移动刺激的感知持续时间可能比静态刺激的更短。使用以各种速度呈现的自然电影对观察者进行测试（相对于原始速度，0.0倍 = 静态，0.25倍 = 慢速，或1.9倍 = 快速），并让他们指出测试持续时间与以原始速度呈现的比较电影相比是更长还是更短。虽然快速电影被认为比慢速和静态电影持续时间更长（与先前研究一致），但我们发现，与静态图像相比，慢速电影被认为持续时间更短（即时间被压缩）。对于由漂移光栅组成的人工刺激也获得了类似结果。然而，如果将比较刺激替换为消除了对移动刺激重复暴露的白色静态圆盘，慢速刺激的时间压缩现象就会消失。结果表明，持续时间估计受到观察者所接触的先前视觉刺激的特定分布或呈现方式所诱导的情境效应的调节。一个简单的模型，包括通过对先前刺激的适应对人类时间估计进行快速重新校准，成功地再现了我们的实验数据。
