Vitale Jacopo A, La Torre Antonio, Baldassarre Roberto, Piacentini Maria F, Bonato Matteo
Laboratory of Biological Structures Mechanics, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi (IRCCS)Milan, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jul 18;8:1232. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01232. eCollection 2017.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of chronotype on mood state and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) before and in response to acute high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) performed at different times of the day. Based on the morningness-eveningness questionnaire, 12 morning-types (M-types; = 12; age 21 ± 2 years; height 179 ± 5 cm; body mass 74 ± 12 kg) and 11 evening-types (E-types; = 11; age 21 ± 2 years; height 181 ± 11 cm; body mass 76 ± 11 kg) were enrolled in a randomized crossover study. All subjects underwent measurements of Profile of Mood States (POMS), before (PRE), after 12 (POST12) and 24 h (POST24) the completion of both morning (08.00 am) and evening (08.00 p.m.) training. Additionally, Global Mood Disturbance and Energy Index (EI) were calculated. RPE was obtained PRE and 30 min POST HIIE. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test of POMS parameters during morning training showed significant differences in fatigue, vigor and EI at PRE and POST24 between M-types and E-types. In addition, significant chronotype differences were found only in POST12 after the evening HIIE for fatigue, vigor and EI. For what concerns Borg perceived exertion, comparing morning versus evening values in PRE condition, a higher RPE was observed in relation to evening training for M-types ( = 0.0107) while E-types showed higher RPE values in the morning ( = 0.008). Finally, intragroup differences showed that E-types had a higher RPE respect to M-types before ( = 0.002) and after 30 min ( = 0.042) the morning session of HIIE. No significant changes during the evening training session were found. In conclusion, chronotype seems to significantly influence fatigue values, perceived exertions and vigor in relation to HIIE performed at different times of the day. Specifically, E-types will meet more of a burden when undertaking a physical task early in the day. Practical results suggest that performing a HIIE at those times of day that do not correspond to subjects' circadian preference can lead to increased mood disturbances and perceived exertion. Therefore, an athlete's chronotype should be taken into account when scheduling HIIE. : ACTRN12617000432314, registered 24 March 2017, "retrospectively registered". : https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371862&showOriginal=true&isReview=true.
本研究旨在调查昼夜节律类型对情绪状态以及在一天中不同时间进行急性高强度间歇运动（HIIE）之前和运动后的自觉用力程度（RPE）评分的影响。基于晨型-夜型问卷，12名晨型人（M型；n = 12；年龄21±2岁；身高179±5厘米；体重74±12千克）和11名夜型人（E型；n = 11；年龄21±2岁；身高181±11厘米；体重76±11千克）被纳入一项随机交叉研究。所有受试者在上午（上午8点）和晚上（晚上8点）训练完成前（PRE）、完成后12小时（POST12）和24小时（POST24）进行了情绪状态剖面图（POMS）测量。此外，还计算了总体情绪紊乱和能量指数（EI）。在HIIE之前和之后30分钟获取RPE。对上午训练期间POMS参数进行的双向方差分析及Tukey多重比较检验显示，M型和E型在PRE和POST24时的疲劳、活力和EI存在显著差异。此外，仅在晚上HIIE后的POST12时发现疲劳、活力和EI存在显著的昼夜节律类型差异。关于Borg自觉用力程度，比较PRE条件下上午和晚上的值，M型在晚上训练时的RPE较高（P = 0.0107），而E型在上午的RPE值较高（P = 0.008）。最后，组内差异显示，在上午HIIE训练前（P = 0.002）和30分钟后（P = 0.042），E型的RPE高于M型。在晚上训练期间未发现显著变化。总之，昼夜节律类型似乎会显著影响与一天中不同时间进行的HIIE相关的疲劳值、自觉用力程度和活力。具体而言，E型人在一天早期进行体力任务时会承受更多负担。实际结果表明，在与受试者昼夜偏好不相符的时间进行HIIE可能会导致情绪紊乱和自觉用力程度增加。因此，在安排HIIE训练时应考虑运动员的昼夜节律类型。试验注册号：ACTRN12617000432314，于2017年3月24日注册，“回顾性注册”。试验链接：https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371862&showOriginal=true&isReview=true 。
