Bonato Matteo, Agnello Luca, Galasso Letizia, Montaruli Angela, Roveda Eliana, Merati Giampiero, La Torre Antonio, Vitale Jacopo A
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Centre of Sport Medicine, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
J Sports Sci Med. 2017 Jun 1;16(2):286-294. eCollection 2017 Jun.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the time of the day (8.00 a.m. vs 8.00 p.m.) and chronotype could influence autonomic cardiac control in soccer players in relation to an acute session of high-intensity interval training. The morningness-eveningness questionnaire was administered to recruit Morning-type and Evening-type collegiate male soccer players. Therefore, 24 players (12 Morning-types and 12 Evening-types) were randomly assigned, to either morning (n = 12; age 23 ± 3 years; height 1.75 ± 0.07 m; body mass 73 ± 10 kg; weekly training volume 8 2 hours), or evening (n = 12; age 21 ± 3 years; height 1.76 ± 0.05 m; body mass 75 ± 11 kg; weekly training volume 8 ± 3 hours) training. Heart Rate Variability vagal and sympatho/vagal indices were calculated in time, frequency and complexity domains at rest, before, after 12 and 24 hours of high-intensity interval training. Before evening training session, a higher resting heart rate was observed which was determined by a marked parasympathetic withdrawal with a sympathetic predominance. Moreover, Evening-type subjects during morning training session, present a significant higher heart rate that corresponded to significant higher vagal indices with a significant lower parasympathetic tone that returned to the rest values after 24 hours of the cessation of high-intensity interval training exercise. On the contrary, Morning-type subjects did not reveal any significant differences with Evening-Type subjects during evening high-intensity interval training session. Stress response of high-intensity interval training is influenced by both the time of the day and by the chronotype. Understanding the Heart Rate Variability response to high-intensity interval training can be an additional important procedure for evaluating of cardiovascular recovery in soccer players. Moreover, these results suggest that an athlete's chronotype should be taken into account when scheduling a high-intensity interval training exercise.
本研究的目的是评估一天中的时间（上午8点与晚上8点）和昼夜节律类型是否会影响足球运动员在高强度间歇训练急性课中的自主心脏控制。采用晨型-夜型问卷招募晨型和夜型的大学男子足球运动员。因此，24名运动员（12名晨型和12名夜型）被随机分配到上午组（n = 12；年龄23±3岁；身高1.75±0.07米；体重73±10千克；每周训练量8±2小时）或晚上组（n = 12；年龄21±3岁；身高1.76±0.05米；体重75±11千克；每周训练量8±3小时）进行训练。在休息时、高强度间歇训练前、训练后12小时和24小时，在时间、频率和复杂度域计算心率变异性的迷走神经和交感/迷走神经指数。在晚上训练课之前，观察到较高的静息心率，这是由明显的副交感神经撤离和交感神经占主导地位所决定的。此外，晨型受试者在上午训练课时，心率显著更高，对应着显著更高的迷走神经指数和显著更低的副交感神经张力，在高强度间歇训练停止24小时后恢复到休息值。相反，在晚上高强度间歇训练课时，晨型受试者与夜型受试者相比未显示出任何显著差异。高强度间歇训练的应激反应受一天中的时间和昼夜节律类型的影响。了解心率变异性对高强度间歇训练的反应可能是评估足球运动员心血管恢复的另一个重要步骤。此外，这些结果表明，在安排高强度间歇训练时应考虑运动员的昼夜节律类型。
