Millet Joan-Pau, Montalvo Tomàs, Bueno-Marí Ruben, Romero-Tamarit Arancha, Prats-Uribe Albert, Fernández Lidia, Camprubí Esteve, Del Baño Lucía, Peracho Victor, Figuerola Jordi, Sulleiro Elena, Martínez Miguel J, Caylà Joan A
Servicio de Epidemiología, Agència de Salut Publica de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud PúblicaBarcelona, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jul 18;8:1319. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01319. eCollection 2017.
On February 1st 2016 the WHO declared the Zika Virus (ZIKV) infection a worldwide public health emergency because of its rapid expansion and severe complications, such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome or microcephaly in newborn. The huge amount of people traveling to endemic areas and the presence of in Barcelona increase the risk of autochtonous transmission. The objective of this study was to describe the first ZIKV cases diagnosed in our city and to analyze the surveillance, prevention, and control measures implemented to avoid autochthonous transmission. An observational cross-sectional population-based study in Barcelona, Spain was performed.An analysis of the socio-demographic, epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and mosquito control activities of the ZIKV cases detected between January 1st and December 2016 was carried out using a specific ZIKV epidemiological survey of the Barcelona Public Health Agency. A total of 118 notifications of possible ZIKV infections were received, and 44 corresponded to confirmed cases in Barcelona residents.Amongst these, the median age was 35 years and 57% were women. All cases were imported, 48% were Spanish-born and 52% foreign-born. Dominican Republic was the most visited country amongst foreign-born patients and Nicaragua amongst Spanish-born. The most frequent symptoms were exanthema, fever, and arthralgia. Among the 24 diagnosed women, 6 (25%) were pregnant. There was one case of microcephaly outside Barcelona city. Entomological inspections were done at the homes of 19 cases (43.2% of the total) and in 34 (77.3%) public spaces. Vector activity was found in one case of the 44 confirmed cases, and 134 surveillance and vector control were carried out associated to imported ZIKV cases. In all cases prevention measures were recommended to avoid mosquito bites on infected cases. Epidemiological and entomological surveillance are essential for the prevention of autochthonous transmission of arbovirosis that may have a great impact on Public Health.The good coordination between epidemiologists, entomologists, microbiologists, and clinicians is a priority in a touristic city with an intense relationship with endemic countries to minimize the risk of local transmission by competent vectors.
2016年2月1日，世界卫生组织宣布寨卡病毒（ZIKV）感染为全球突发公共卫生事件，因其传播迅速且会引发严重并发症，如吉兰 - 巴雷综合征或新生儿小头畸形。大量前往疫区的人员以及巴塞罗那本地的感染者增加了本地传播的风险。本研究的目的是描述在我市诊断出的首例寨卡病毒病例，并分析为避免本地传播而实施的监测、预防和控制措施。在西班牙巴塞罗那进行了一项基于人群的观察性横断面研究。使用巴塞罗那公共卫生机构的特定寨卡病毒流行病学调查，对2016年1月1日至12月期间检测到的寨卡病毒病例的社会人口统计学、流行病学、临床特征及蚊虫控制活动进行了分析。共收到118例可能感染寨卡病毒的报告，其中44例为巴塞罗那居民确诊病例。在这些病例中，年龄中位数为35岁，57%为女性。所有病例均为输入性病例，48%出生在西班牙，52%出生在国外。在国外出生的患者中，多米尼加共和国是访问最多的国家；在西班牙出生的患者中，尼加拉瓜是访问最多的国家。最常见的症状是皮疹、发热和关节痛。在24名确诊女性中，6名（25%）为孕妇。巴塞罗那市外有1例小头畸形病例。对19例病例（占总数的43.2%）的家中及34处（77.3%）公共场所进行了昆虫学检查。在44例确诊病例中有1例发现了媒介活动，针对输入性寨卡病毒病例开展了134次监测和病媒控制工作。在所有病例中，均建议采取预防措施以避免感染病例被蚊虫叮咬。流行病学和昆虫学监测对于预防可能对公共卫生产生重大影响的虫媒病毒本地传播至关重要。在与疫区国家关系密切的旅游城市中，流行病学家、昆虫学家、微生物学家和临床医生之间的良好协调是重中之重，以尽量降低由有效媒介导致本地传播的风险。
