Piedade Diogo, Azevedo-Pereira José M
Host-Pathogen Interaction Unit, iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jul 17;8:1324. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01324. eCollection 2017.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful regulators of gene expression and fine-tuning genes in all tissues. Cellular miRNAs can control 100s of biologic processes (e.g., morphogenesis of embryonic structures, differentiation of tissue-specific cells, and metabolic control in specific cell types) and have been involved in the regulation of nearly all cellular pathways. Inherently to their involvement in different physiologic processes, miRNAs deregulation has been associated with several diseases. Moreover, several viruses have been described as either, avoid and block cellular miRNAs or synthesize their own miRNA to facilitate infection and pathogenesis. Adenoviruses genome encodes two non-coding RNAs, known as viral-associated (VA) RNA and VA RNA, which seem to play an important role either by blocking important proteins from miRNA pathway, such as Exportin-5 and Dicer, or by targeting relevant cellular factors. Drastic changes in cellular miRNA expression profile are also noticeable and several cellular functions are affected by these changes. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the biogenesis and molecular interactions of miRNAs providing basic concepts of their functions as well as in the interplay between miRNAs and human adenoviruses.
微小RNA（miRNA）是基因表达的强大调节因子，可对所有组织中的基因进行微调。细胞miRNA能够调控数百种生物学过程（例如胚胎结构的形态发生、组织特异性细胞的分化以及特定细胞类型中的代谢控制），并且几乎参与了所有细胞通路的调节。由于其参与不同的生理过程，miRNA失调与多种疾病相关。此外，已有几种病毒被描述为要么避开并阻断细胞miRNA，要么合成自身的miRNA以促进感染和发病机制。腺病毒基因组编码两种非编码RNA，称为病毒相关（VA）RNA和VA RNA，它们似乎通过阻断miRNA途径中的重要蛋白质（如Exportin-5和Dicer）或靶向相关细胞因子而发挥重要作用。细胞miRNA表达谱的剧烈变化也很明显，并且这些变化会影响多种细胞功能。本综述重点关注miRNA生物发生和分子相互作用的潜在机制，提供其功能的基本概念以及miRNA与人类腺病毒之间的相互作用。
