Osho Oluwaseyi, Owoeye Oluwatoyosi, Armijo-Olivo Susan
J Aging Phys Act. 2018 Apr 1;26(2):304-326. doi: 10.1123/japa.2016-0326. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
Fall prevention exercise programs have been reported to be effective in minimizing falls in older adults. However, adherence and attrition in exercise programs remain a challenge. This study reviewed the evidence on how levels of adherence and attrition in fall prevention exercise programs may affect magnitude of effect of fall risk reduction in community-dwelling older adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on fall prevention exercise programs for community-dwelling older adults aged 65+ years published between 2005 and 2016 from six databases were undertaken. Twenty articles met inclusion criteria. Results showed that program adherence >80% may result in greater fall risk reduction compared to lower levels of adherence. A possible inverse relationship exists between attrition levels and effect sizes of fall prevention exercise programs. Future studies should properly report falls/fallers and a consensus on a standardized measure for reporting adherence to fall prevention exercise programs is recommended.
据报道，预防跌倒运动计划对于将老年人跌倒次数降至最低是有效的。然而，运动计划中的依从性和损耗率仍然是一项挑战。本研究回顾了有关预防跌倒运动计划中的依从性和损耗率水平如何影响社区居住老年人降低跌倒风险效果大小的证据。我们对2005年至2016年间从六个数据库中发表的针对65岁及以上社区居住老年人的预防跌倒运动计划的随机对照试验进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。二十篇文章符合纳入标准。结果表明，与较低的依从性水平相比，计划依从性>80%可能会更大程度地降低跌倒风险。预防跌倒运动计划的损耗率水平与效应大小之间可能存在负相关关系。未来的研究应适当地报告跌倒/跌倒者情况，并建议就报告预防跌倒运动计划依从性的标准化测量方法达成共识。
