Kirstein O D, Faiman R, Knigin A, Gueta H, Stone A, Warburg A
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Med Vet Entomol. 2018 Mar;32(1):23-34. doi: 10.1111/mve.12256. Epub 2017 Aug 3.
Programmes for the control of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae), the vectors of leishmaniases, mainly target adults because larval breeding sites are generally unknown or inaccessible. To determine how blood-questing sandfly females enter homes and to develop means for their control, an experimental house (EH) was constructed in a village endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Initially, carbon dioxide (CO )-baited suction traps were installed inside the EH to attract and capture sandflies. For other experiments, the windows of the EH were fitted with CO -baited window entrance traps (WETs) that allow each window to be considered as a separate unit. The majority of captures inside the EH and in WETs consisted of Phlebotomus sergenti, a species that enters inhabited houses relatively infrequently. Analyses of collections in WETs and in sticky traps on external walls showed that sandflies entered windows having landed previously on the wall below or either side of the window. Shelves constructed below windows significantly reduced the numbers of sandflies that entered both the EH and inhabited houses. The lining of internal walls with insecticide-impregnated fabric significantly increased mortality rates of sandflies captured inside the EH. To reduce the biting burden imposed by phlebotomine sandflies, several control measures must be integrated and sustained.
利什曼病的传播媒介——白蛉（双翅目：毛蠓科）的控制项目主要针对成虫，因为幼虫的滋生地通常未知或难以进入。为了确定寻找血液的雌性白蛉如何进入房屋并开发控制它们的方法，在一个皮肤利什曼病流行的村庄建造了一个实验房屋（EH）。最初，在EH内部安装了以二氧化碳（CO₂）为诱饵的吸气式诱捕器，以吸引和捕获白蛉。对于其他实验，EH的窗户安装了以CO₂为诱饵的窗户入口诱捕器（WETs），每个窗户可视为一个单独的单元。在EH内部和WETs中捕获的大多数白蛉是塞氏白蛉，这种白蛉相对较少进入有人居住的房屋。对WETs和外墙粘性诱捕器中的捕获物分析表明，白蛉进入窗户前曾落在窗户下方或两侧的墙壁上。在窗户下方建造的架子显著减少了进入EH和有人居住房屋的白蛉数量。用浸有杀虫剂的织物对内墙进行衬里显著提高了在EH内部捕获的白蛉的死亡率。为了减轻白蛉叮咬带来的负担，必须综合并持续采取多种控制措施。
