Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Health Behavior, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States.
University of Minnesota, Tobacco Research Programs, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
Addict Behav. 2018 Jan;76:95-99. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.025. Epub 2017 Jul 14.
Subjective effects of drugs, representing pharmacological and non-pharmacological effects, have been shown to be associated with future use and abuse. This also is the case for tobacco products and so measuring subjective effects, such as liking, satisfaction, and aversion, is crucial to gaining an understanding of consumer perception leading to increased use. This study examined the predictive validity of subjective drug and product effects with respect to product adoption.
Smokers (N=151) were enrolled in Minneapolis, Columbus, and Buffalo. Participants were shown two snus products (Camel Snus Winterchill and Robust), asked to try each of the products for 5min and to rate them using the Product Evaluation Scale (PES) and Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ). This was followed by a one-week use period of their preferred product and those who used at least 1 unit of Camel Snus per day (or at least 7 pouches total) were eligible to enroll in the Clinical Trial Phase assessing the impact of complete switching or dual use with smoking. Key outcomes for this study were product evaluation, extent of product use, and Clinical Trial enrollment.
We noted no relationships between participant characteristics such as gender, age, prior smokeless use, baseline cigarettes per day (CPD), or PES and DEQ scores with any of these outcome variables. Subjective effects were weak predictors of product use, which totaled approximately 3units of snus per day.
Regardless of product, it appears that PES and DEQ ratings were uniformly poor predictors of trial enrollment and retention, though they do predict the amount of snus used during the sampling phase. Findings indicate that while subjective effects predict product preference in the short-term, they did not consistently predict extent of use or enrollment in the trial, suggesting that these initial measures have limited implications for long-term behavior.
药物的主观效应，包括药理学和非药理学效应，已被证明与未来的使用和滥用有关。烟草产品也是如此，因此测量主观效应，如喜欢、满意和厌恶，对于了解导致使用增加的消费者认知至关重要。本研究考察了主观药物和产品效应与产品采用之间的预测有效性。
在明尼阿波利斯、哥伦布和布法罗招募吸烟者（N=151）。参与者被展示了两种鼻烟产品（骆驼鼻烟 Winterchill 和 Robust），要求他们每种产品试用 5 分钟，并使用产品评估量表（PES）和药物效应问卷（DEQ）对其进行评分。然后，他们使用自己喜欢的产品一周，如果每天至少使用 1 单位骆驼鼻烟（或总共使用 7 个小袋），则有资格参加评估完全转换或与吸烟同时使用对其影响的临床试验阶段。本研究的主要结果是产品评估、产品使用程度和临床试验入组。
我们没有发现参与者特征（如性别、年龄、先前无烟嘴使用、基线每天香烟数（CPD）或 PES 和 DEQ 评分）与这些结果变量中的任何一个有任何关系。主观效应是产品使用的弱预测因素，每天使用的鼻烟总量约为 3 个单位。
无论使用哪种产品，PES 和 DEQ 评分似乎都是试验入组和保留的均匀不佳预测指标，尽管它们确实预测了采样阶段使用的鼻烟量。研究结果表明，虽然主观效应在短期内预测产品偏好，但它们并没有一致地预测使用程度或试验入组，这表明这些初始措施对长期行为的影响有限。
