Chen Kevin Sean, Chen Chun-Chung, Chan C K
Institute of Physics, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan.
Department of Life Science, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.
Front Comput Neurosci. 2017 Jul 20;11:66. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00066. eCollection 2017.
Probing a bullfrog retina with spatially uniform light pulses of correlated stochastic intervals, we calculate the mutual information between the spiking output at the ganglion cells measured with multi-electrode array (MEA) and the interval of the stimulus at a time shift later. The time-integrated information from the output about the future stimulus is maximized when the mean interval of the stimulus is within the dynamic range of the well-established anticipative phenomena of omitted-stimulus responses for the retina. The peak position of the mutual information as a function of the time shift is typically negative considering the processing delay of the retina. However, the peak position can become positive for long enough correlation time of the stimulus when the pulse intervals are generated by a Hidden Markovian model (HMM). This is indicative of a predictive behavior of the retina which is possible only when the hidden variable of the HMM can be recovered from the history of the stimulus for a prediction of its future. We verify that stochastic intervals of the same mean, variance, and correlation time do not result in the same predictive behavior of the retina when they are generated by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process, which is strictly Markovian.
用具有相关随机间隔的空间均匀光脉冲探测牛蛙视网膜，我们计算了用多电极阵列（MEA）测量的神经节细胞的尖峰输出与稍后一个时间偏移处的刺激间隔之间的互信息。当刺激的平均间隔处于视网膜中已确立的遗漏刺激反应的预期现象的动态范围内时，来自输出关于未来刺激的时间积分信息最大化。考虑到视网膜的处理延迟，互信息作为时间偏移的函数的峰值位置通常为负。然而，当脉冲间隔由隐马尔可夫模型（HMM）生成时，对于足够长的刺激相关时间，峰值位置可以变为正。这表明视网膜具有预测行为，而这只有当HMM的隐藏变量可以从刺激历史中恢复以预测其未来时才有可能。我们验证，当由严格马尔可夫的奥恩斯坦 - 乌伦贝克（OU）过程生成时，具有相同均值、方差和相关时间的随机间隔不会导致视网膜具有相同的预测行为。
