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哺乳动物中的新卵子生成

Neo-oogenesis in mammals.

作者信息

Porras-Gómez Tania Janeth, Moreno-Mendoza Norma

机构信息

Department of Cell Biology and Physiology,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad Universitaria,Apartado Postal 70228,México D.F. 04510,México.

Department of Cell Biology and Physiology,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Ciudad Universitaria,Apartado Postal 70228 México,D.F. 04510México.

出版信息

Zygote. 2017 Aug;25(4):404-422. doi: 10.1017/S0967199417000363. Epub 2017 Aug 7.

Abstract

Recently, the existence of a mechanism for neo-oogenesis in the ovaries of adult mammals has generated much controversy within reproductive biology. This mechanism, which proposes that the ovary has cells capable of renewing the follicular reserve, has been described for various species of mammals. The first evidence was found in prosimians and humans. However, these findings were not considered relevant because the predominant dogma for reproductive biology at the time was that of Zuckerman. This dogma states that female mammals are born with finite numbers of oocytes that decline throughout postnatal life. Currently, the concept of neo-oogenesis has gained momentum due to the discovery of cells with mitotic activity in adult ovaries of various mammalian species (mice, humans, rhesus monkeys, domestic animals such as pigs, and wild animals such as bats). Despite these reports, the concept of neo-oogenesis has not been widely accepted by the scientific community, generating much criticism and speculation about its accuracy because it has been impossible to reproduce some evidence. This controversy has led to the creation of two positions: one in favour of neo-oogenesis and the other against it. Various animal models have been used in support of both camps, including both classic laboratory animals and domestic and wild animals. The aim of this review is to critically present the current literature on the subject and to evaluate the arguments pro and contra neo-oogenesis in mammals.

摘要

最近,成年哺乳动物卵巢中存在新卵子生成机制这一现象在生殖生物学领域引发了诸多争议。该机制提出卵巢中存在能够更新卵泡储备的细胞,目前已在多种哺乳动物中得到描述。最早的证据是在原猴和人类中发现的。然而,这些发现当时并未被视为具有相关性,因为当时生殖生物学的主流观点是祖克曼的观点。该观点认为雌性哺乳动物出生时具有有限数量的卵母细胞,这些卵母细胞在出生后的生命过程中会逐渐减少。目前,由于在多种哺乳动物(小鼠、人类、恒河猴、家畜如猪以及野生动物如蝙蝠)的成年卵巢中发现了具有有丝分裂活性的细胞,新卵子生成的概念得到了进一步发展。尽管有这些报道,但新卵子生成的概念尚未被科学界广泛接受,因其一些证据无法重现,引发了许多对其准确性的批评和猜测。这场争议导致了两种立场的产生:一种支持新卵子生成,另一种反对。包括经典实验动物以及家畜和野生动物在内的各种动物模型被用于支持这两个阵营。本综述的目的是批判性地呈现关于该主题的当前文献,并评估支持和反对哺乳动物新卵子生成的论据。

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