Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, Uppsala, S-75007, Sweden.
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, Graz, 8010, Austria.
New Phytol. 2017 Oct;216(1):216-226. doi: 10.1111/nph.14714. Epub 2017 Aug 7.
Accurate estimates of gamete and offspring dispersal range are required for the understanding and prediction of spatial population dynamics and species persistence. Little is known about gamete dispersal in fungi, especially in lichen-forming ascomycetes. Here, we estimate the dispersal functions of clonal propagules, gametes and ascospores of the epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria. We use hierarchical Bayesian parentage analysis, which integrates genetic and ecological information from multiannual colonization and dispersal source data collected in a large, old-growth forest landscape. The effective dispersal range of gametes is several hundred metres to kilometres from potential paternal individuals. By contrast, clonal propagules disperse only tens of metres, and ascospores disperse over several thousand metres. Our study reveals the dispersal distances of individual reproductive units; clonal propagules, gametes and ascospores, which is of great importance for a thorough understanding of the spatial dynamics of ascomycetes. Sexual reproduction occurs between distant individuals. However, whereas gametes and ascospores disperse over long distances, the overall rate of colonization of trees is low. Hence, establishment is the limiting factor for the colonization of new host trees by the lichen in old-growth landscapes.
准确估计配子和后代的扩散范围对于理解和预测空间种群动态和物种持续存在至关重要。关于真菌中的配子扩散，特别是在形成地衣的子囊菌中，我们知之甚少。在这里，我们估计了附生地衣肺衣 Lobaria pulmonaria 的克隆繁殖体、配子和子囊孢子的扩散函数。我们使用层次贝叶斯亲子分析，该分析整合了从大型古老森林景观中收集的多年定植和扩散源数据的遗传和生态信息。配子的有效扩散范围是几百米到几公里，从潜在的父个体。相比之下，克隆繁殖体仅扩散几十米，而子囊孢子则扩散几千多米。我们的研究揭示了个体生殖单位的扩散距离；克隆繁殖体、配子和子囊孢子，这对于彻底了解子囊菌的空间动态具有重要意义。有性繁殖发生在距离较远的个体之间。然而，虽然配子和子囊孢子可以远距离扩散，但树木的整体定植率较低。因此，对于地衣在古老森林景观中定植新宿主树来说，建立是定植的限制因素。
