1 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology , Ranchi, India .
2 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Patna, India .
Telemed J E Health. 2018 Mar;24(3):185-193. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2017.0068. Epub 2017 Aug 7.
Noninvasive continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement has become an evolving topic in the field of remote healthcare. The classical noninvasive BP measurement techniques provide spontaneous values of systolic and diastolic BP. On the other hand, intrusive type BP measurement techniques provide continuous values of systolic and diastolic BP. However, these techniques are very painful, cannot be used for long-term monitoring, and are obtainable only in an intensive care unit environment. With the advancement of the remote healthcare industry, there is a growing demand for noninvasive continuous BP monitoring.
The objective of this research was to present a compact literature review on the various prospective approaches of noninvasive continuous BP measurement techniques.
MATERIALS & METHODS: The most contemporary and advanced technologies on noninvasive continuous BP measurement are Tactile Sensing, Vascular Unloading Technique, Pulse Transit Time, Photoplethysmography, Ultrasound-based BP measurement, BP measurement from image processing, etc. The literature search based on these technologies was conducted in EMBASE, Web of Science, IEEE, PubMed, and Ovid MEDLINE databases. In this study, each selected approach was evaluated and characterized using the following criteria: (1) accuracy; (2) cost; (3) portability; (4) comfort and convenience of use; (5) clinical health and safety; and (6) ability to integrate with the remote healthcare system.
A detailed technical analysis was done to determine the advantages and limitations of each technique in the context of the abovementioned parameters. It was observed that BP measurement, using photoplethysmography (using camera or sensor or both), perhaps was the most promising technique among all.
The study emphasized the fact that the noninvasive, continuous BP measurement technique needs to evolve further to make it reliable, accurate, and user-friendly. Lastly, a possible direction toward a more reliable and comfortable noninvasive continuous BP measurement technique has been discussed.
非侵入式连续血压（BP）测量已成为远程医疗领域的一个热门话题。经典的非侵入式 BP 测量技术提供收缩压和舒张压的自发值。另一方面，侵入式 BP 测量技术提供收缩压和舒张压的连续值。然而，这些技术非常痛苦，不能用于长期监测，只能在重症监护环境中获得。随着远程医疗行业的发展，对非侵入式连续 BP 监测的需求日益增长。
本研究旨在对非侵入式连续 BP 测量技术的各种前瞻性方法进行简明文献回顾。
非侵入式连续 BP 测量的最现代和先进技术包括触觉传感、血管卸载技术、脉搏传输时间、光电容积脉搏波描记法、基于超声的 BP 测量、图像处理的 BP 测量等。基于这些技术的文献检索在 EMBASE、Web of Science、IEEE、PubMed 和 Ovid MEDLINE 数据库中进行。在本研究中，使用以下标准评估和描述每个选定的方法：（1）准确性；（2）成本；（3）便携性；（4）使用舒适度和便利性；（5）临床健康和安全性；（6）与远程医疗系统集成的能力。
对每种技术进行了详细的技术分析，以确定在上述参数下每种技术的优点和局限性。观察到，使用光电容积脉搏波描记法（使用相机或传感器或两者）进行 BP 测量可能是所有技术中最有前途的技术。
本研究强调了这样一个事实，即非侵入式、连续 BP 测量技术需要进一步发展，以使其可靠、准确和用户友好。最后，讨论了一种更可靠和舒适的非侵入式连续 BP 测量技术的可能方向。
