Bioinformatics Group, Department of Agrifood, School of Water, Energy and Environment Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, GR 11855, Greece.
Food Res Int. 2017 Sep;99(Pt 1):206-215. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.05.013. Epub 2017 May 20.
Over the past decade, analytical approaches based on vibrational spectroscopy, hyperspectral/multispectral imagining and biomimetic sensors started gaining popularity as rapid and efficient methods for assessing food quality, safety and authentication; as a sensible alternative to the expensive and time-consuming conventional microbiological techniques. Due to the multi-dimensional nature of the data generated from such analyses, the output needs to be coupled with a suitable statistical approach or machine-learning algorithms before the results can be interpreted. Choosing the optimum pattern recognition or machine learning approach for a given analytical platform is often challenging and involves a comparative analysis between various algorithms in order to achieve the best possible prediction accuracy. In this work, "MeatReg", a web-based application is presented, able to automate the procedure of identifying the best machine learning method for comparing data from several analytical techniques, to predict the counts of microorganisms responsible of meat spoilage regardless of the packaging system applied. In particularly up to 7 regression methods were applied and these are ordinary least squares regression, stepwise linear regression, partial least square regression, principal component regression, support vector regression, random forest and k-nearest neighbours. MeatReg" was tested with minced beef samples stored under aerobic and modified atmosphere packaging and analysed with electronic nose, HPLC, FT-IR, GC-MS and Multispectral imaging instrument. Population of total viable count, lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonads, Enterobacteriaceae and B. thermosphacta, were predicted. As a result, recommendations of which analytical platforms are suitable to predict each type of bacteria and which machine learning methods to use in each case were obtained. The developed system is accessible via the link: www.sorfml.com.
在过去的十年中,基于振动光谱、高光谱/多光谱成像和仿生传感器的分析方法作为评估食品质量、安全性和真实性的快速、有效的方法开始流行起来;作为昂贵且耗时的传统微生物技术的明智替代方法。由于从这些分析中产生的数据具有多维性质,因此在解释结果之前,需要将输出与合适的统计方法或机器学习算法相结合。为给定的分析平台选择最佳的模式识别或机器学习方法通常具有挑战性,并且涉及各种算法之间的比较分析,以实现最佳的预测准确性。在这项工作中,提出了一个基于网络的应用程序“MeatReg”,它能够自动化识别最佳机器学习方法的过程,以比较来自几种分析技术的数据,预测负责肉类变质的微生物数量,而不管所应用的包装系统如何。特别地,多达 7 种回归方法被应用,包括普通最小二乘回归、逐步线性回归、偏最小二乘回归、主成分回归、支持向量回归、随机森林和 K 最近邻。“MeatReg”使用在有氧和改良气氛包装下储存的绞碎牛肉样本进行了测试,并使用电子鼻、HPLC、FT-IR、GC-MS 和多光谱成像仪进行了分析。预测了总活菌数、乳酸菌、假单胞菌、肠杆菌科和 B. thermosphacta 的种群。结果,获得了有关哪些分析平台适合预测每种类型的细菌以及在每种情况下使用哪种机器学习方法的建议。该开发的系统可通过链接:www.sorfml.com 访问。