Hilbelink D R, Kaplan S
Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1986;6(5):431-40. doi: 10.1002/tcm.1770060509.
Sirenomelia, a fusion of the lower extremities, is believed to result from a median, bilateral symmetric defect of the caudal portion of the embryo at a very early stage in development. Anomalies of the gastrointestinal and urogenital systems are commonly associated with this malformation. Sirenomelia is not an embryo-lethal condition but typically is incompatible with postnatal life when combined with the associated malformations. In this study, intravenous treatment of hamsters with a combination of cadmium and lead on the morning of the eighth day of gestation resulted in 1.4, 22.2, and 35.6% of the viable fetuses displaying sirenomelia in litters recovered on days 15, 12, and 10 of gestation, respectively. With the exception of several fetuses with exencephaly, most structures cranial to the level of the umbilicus were normal. Caudal abdominal and pelvic structures were severely affected, with agenesis or dysgenesis of the kidneys, bladder, umbilical arteries, and external genitalia frequently noted. The administration of a combination of cadmium and lead has proven to be an effective and consistent means of inducing sirenomelia in the golden hamster.
并腿畸形，即下肢融合，被认为是胚胎发育早期尾部正中、双侧对称缺陷所致。胃肠道和泌尿生殖系统异常通常与这种畸形相关。并腿畸形并非胚胎致死性疾病，但通常与相关畸形合并时，出生后无法存活。在本研究中，妊娠第8天上午用镉和铅联合静脉注射处理仓鼠，在妊娠第15、12和10天回收的窝中，分别有1.4%、22.2%和35.6%的存活胎儿出现并腿畸形。除了几个无脑儿胎儿外，脐水平以上的大多数结构正常。腹部和盆腔尾部结构严重受累，常可见肾脏、膀胱、脐动脉和外生殖器发育不全或发育异常。镉和铅联合给药已被证明是在金黄仓鼠中诱导并腿畸形的一种有效且稳定的方法。
