Saunders Ben
Bioethics. 2017 Sep;31(7):552-558. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12366.
New reproductive technologies allow parents some choice over their children. Various moral principles have been suggested to regulate such choices. This article starts from a discussion of Julian Savulescu's Principle of Procreative Beneficence (PPB), according to which parents ought to choose the child expected to have the best quality of life, before combining two previously separate lines of attack against this principle. First, it is suggested that the appropriate moral principles of guiding reproductive choices ought to focus on general wellbeing rather than prioritizing that of the child and, second, that they ought to be non-maximizing (e.g. seeking the 'good enough' or to avoid harm). Though neither of these suggestions is entirely novel, combining them results in a new, and arguably more plausible, principle to regulate procreative choices, which I call the Principle of Generalized Procreative Non-Maleficence (PGPNM). According to this principle, the primary obligation on parents is not to cause harm to other people through their reproductive choices.
新的生殖技术使父母在子女问题上有了一定的选择权。人们提出了各种道德原则来规范此类选择。本文首先讨论朱利安·萨夫勒斯库的生殖利他主义原则（PPB），根据该原则，父母应该选择预期具有最佳生活质量的孩子，然后再结合之前两条针对该原则的不同攻击路线。首先，有人认为，指导生殖选择的适当道德原则应该关注总体福祉，而不是将孩子的福祉置于优先地位；其次，这些原则应该是非最大化的（例如追求“足够好”或避免伤害）。尽管这两条建议都并非全新的，但将它们结合起来会产生一个新的、且可能更合理的原则来规范生殖选择，我将其称为广义生殖无害原则（PGPNM）。根据这一原则，父母的首要义务是不通过生殖选择对他人造成伤害。
