Kunst H, Burman M, Arnesen T M, Fiebig L, Hergens M-P, Kalkouni O, Klinkenberg E, Orcau À, Soini H, Sotgiu G, Zenner D, de Vries G
Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Tuberculosis, Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Oslo, Norway.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2017 Aug 1;21(8):840-851. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0036.
Migration patterns into and within Europe have changed over the last decade. In 2015, European Union (EU) countries received over 1.2 million asylum requests, more than double the number registered in the previous year. This review compares the published literature on policies for tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculous infection (LTBI) screening in EU and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries with the existing TB/LTBI screening programmes for migrants in 11 EU/EFTA countries based on a survey of policy and surveillance systems. In addition, we provide a systematic review of the literature on the yield of screening migrants for active TB and LTBI in Europe. Published studies provide limited information about screening coverage and the yield of screening evaluations in EU/EFTA countries. Furthermore, countries use different screening strategies and settings, and different definitions for coverage and yield of screening for active TB and LTBI. We recommend harmonising case definitions, reporting standards and policies for TB/LTBI screening. To achieve TB elimination targets, a European platform for multi-country data collection and analysis, sharing of countries' policies and practices, and harmonisation of migrant screening strategies is needed.
在过去十年中，欧洲境内外的移民模式发生了变化。2015年，欧盟国家收到了超过120万份庇护申请，比上一年登记的数量增加了一倍多。本综述将欧盟和欧洲自由贸易联盟（EFTA）国家关于结核病（TB）和潜伏性结核感染（LTBI）筛查政策的已发表文献，与基于政策和监测系统调查的11个欧盟/欧洲自由贸易联盟国家现有的移民结核病/潜伏性结核感染筛查项目进行了比较。此外，我们还对欧洲筛查移民活动性结核病和潜伏性结核感染的筛查收益相关文献进行了系统综述。已发表的研究提供了关于欧盟/欧洲自由贸易联盟国家筛查覆盖率和筛查评估收益的有限信息。此外，各国使用不同的筛查策略和环境，以及对活动性结核病和潜伏性结核感染筛查的覆盖率和收益有不同的定义。我们建议统一结核病/潜伏性结核感染筛查的病例定义、报告标准和政策。为了实现结核病消除目标，需要一个欧洲多国数据收集和分析平台，分享各国的政策和实践，并统一移民筛查策略。
