Vinke Petra C, El Aidy Sahar, van Dijk Gertjan
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) - Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Front Nutr. 2017 Jul 24;4:34. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00034. eCollection 2017.
Dietary supplementation with complex carbohydrates is known to alter the composition of gut microbiota, and optimal implementation of the use of these so called "prebiotics" could be of great potential in prevention and possibly treatment of obesity and associated cardiometabolic and inflammatory diseases changes in the gut microbiota. An alternative to this "microbiocentric view" is the idea that health-promoting effects of certain complex carbohydrates reside in the host, and could secondarily affect the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota. To circumvent this potential interpretational problem, we aimed at providing an overview about whether and how dietary supplementation of different complex carbohydrates changes the gut microbiome in healthy non-obese individuals. We then reviewed whether the reported changes in gut bacterial members found to be established by complex carbohydrates would benefit or harm the cardiometabolic and immunological health of the host taking into account the alterations in the microbiome composition and abundance known to be associated with obesity and its associated disorders. By combining these research areas, we aimed to give a better insight into the potential of (foods containing) complex carbohydrates in the treatment and prevention of above-mentioned diseases. We conclude that supplemental complex carbohydrates that increase Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, without increasing the deleterious , are most likely promoting cardiometabolic and immunological health in obese subjects. Because certain complex carbohydrates also affect the host's immunity directly, it is likely that host-microbiome interactions in determination of health and disease characteristics are indeed bidirectional. Overall, this review article shows that whereas it is relatively clear in which direction supplemental fermentable carbohydrates can alter the gut microbiome, the relevance of these changes regarding health remains controversial. Future research should take into account the different causes of obesity and its adverse health conditions, which in turn have drastic effects on the microbiome balance.
已知膳食补充复合碳水化合物会改变肠道微生物群的组成，而这些所谓“益生元”的最佳使用方式在预防甚至可能治疗肥胖及相关的心脏代谢和炎症性疾病方面可能具有巨大潜力，因为肠道微生物群会发生变化。与这种“以微生物为中心的观点”不同的是，另一种观点认为某些复合碳水化合物的健康促进作用存在于宿主中，并可能继而影响肠道微生物群的多样性和丰度。为了避免这个潜在的解释问题，我们旨在概述不同复合碳水化合物的膳食补充是否以及如何改变健康非肥胖个体的肠道微生物组。然后，我们回顾了复合碳水化合物所导致的肠道细菌成员的变化是否会对宿主的心脏代谢和免疫健康有益或有害，同时考虑到已知与肥胖及其相关疾病有关的微生物组组成和丰度的改变。通过结合这些研究领域，我们旨在更好地了解复合碳水化合物（及其所含食物）在治疗和预防上述疾病方面的潜力。我们得出结论，补充能增加双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌而不增加有害菌的复合碳水化合物最有可能促进肥胖受试者的心脏代谢和免疫健康。由于某些复合碳水化合物也会直接影响宿主的免疫力，因此在决定健康和疾病特征方面，宿主与微生物组之间的相互作用很可能是双向的。总体而言，这篇综述文章表明，虽然补充可发酵碳水化合物会在哪个方向改变肠道微生物组相对明确，但这些变化对健康的相关性仍存在争议。未来的研究应考虑肥胖及其不良健康状况的不同成因，而这些反过来又会对微生物组平衡产生巨大影响。
