Fiecek Beata, Chmielewski Tomasz, Sadkowska-Todys Małgorzata, Czerwiński Michał, Zalewska Grażyna, Roguska Urszula, Tylewska-Wierzbanowska Stanisława
National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warszawa, Poland.
Provincial Sanitary-Epidemiological Station, Wrocław, Poland.
Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017 May-Jun;26(3):415-419. doi: 10.17219/acem/62022.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by spirochetes of the Leptospiraceae family. In both humans and animals the main route of infection is indirect contact - through water or other products contaminated with urine containing spirochetes. Infection most commonly occurs through ingestion of water or food contaminated with Leptospira spp.
The aim of the study was to characterize cases of leptospirosis imported to Poland from Germany in 2014 and to analyze methods that are helpful for making a diagnosis.
The 10 patients examined were reported as suspected leptospirosis cases on the basis of clinical symptoms and epidemiological investigations. They originated from different regions of Poland and had been working together at a strawberry plantation in the Cloppenburg district of Lower Saxony in Germany. Blood and urine samples were tested by PCR and serum samples by serology. All ELISA positive and negative cases were examined using a reference microscopic agglutination test (MAT).
In the tested group, 6 individuals (60%) were seropositive according to the ELISA, and 2 of them were confirmed by the MAT. The PCR results for the blood and urine samples were negative.
Using the ELISA in the diagnosis of leptospirosis allowed the disease to be identified much faster, differentiating classes of antibodies and recognizing levels of them that are too low to be detectable by the MAT.
钩端螺旋体病是一种由钩端螺旋体科螺旋体引起的人畜共患病。在人类和动物中，主要感染途径是间接接触——通过被含有螺旋体的尿液污染的水或其他产品。感染最常见的发生方式是摄入被钩端螺旋体属污染的水或食物。
本研究的目的是对2014年从德国输入波兰的钩端螺旋体病病例进行特征描述，并分析有助于做出诊断的方法。
根据临床症状和流行病学调查，对10名受检患者报告为疑似钩端螺旋体病病例。他们来自波兰不同地区，曾在德国下萨克森州克洛彭堡区的一个草莓种植园一起工作。血液和尿液样本通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测，血清样本通过血清学检测。所有酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）阳性和阴性病例均使用参考显微镜凝集试验（MAT）进行检测。
在受试组中，根据ELISA检测，6人（60%）血清学呈阳性，其中2人经MAT确诊。血液和尿液样本的PCR结果均为阴性。
在钩端螺旋体病诊断中使用ELISA能够更快地识别该病，区分抗体类别并识别MAT检测不到的低水平抗体。
