Palandačić Anja, Naseka Alexander, Ramler David, Ahnelt Harald
First Zoological Department, Vienna Museum of Natural History, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, Faculty for Biology and Soil, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
BMC Evol Biol. 2017 Aug 9;17(1):184. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-1032-x.
Molecular taxonomy studies and barcoding projects can provide rapid means of detecting cryptic diversity. Nevertheless, the use of molecular data for species delimitation should be undertaken with caution. Especially the single-gene approaches are linked with certain pitfalls for taxonomical inference. In the present study, recent and historical species descriptions based upon morphology were used as primary species hypotheses, which were then evaluated with molecular data (including in type and historical museum material) to form secondary species hypotheses. As an example of cryptic diversity and taxonomic controversy, the European Phoxinus phoxinus species complex was used.
The results of the revision showed that of the fourteen primary species hypotheses, three were rejected, namely P. ketmaieri, P. likai, and P. apollonicus. For three species (P. strandjae, P. strymonicus, P. morella), further investigation with increased data sampling was suggested, while two primary hypotheses, P. bigerri and P. colchicus, were supported as secondary species hypotheses. Finally, six of the primary species hypotheses (P. phoxinus, P. lumaireul, P. karsticus, P. septimanae, P. marsilii and P. csikii) were well supported by mitochondrial but only limitedly corroborated by nuclear data analysis.
The approach has proven useful for revision of species complexes, and the study can serve as an overview of the Phoxinus genus in Europe, as well as a solid basis for further work.
分子分类学研究和条形码项目能够提供检测隐秘多样性的快速方法。然而，利用分子数据进行物种界定需谨慎行事。尤其是单基因方法在分类学推断方面存在某些缺陷。在本研究中，基于形态学的近期和历史物种描述被用作主要的物种假设，随后利用分子数据（包括模式标本和历史博物馆标本中的数据）对其进行评估，以形成次要的物种假设。作为隐秘多样性和分类学争议的一个例子，使用了欧洲麦穗鱼物种复合体。
修订结果表明，在14个主要物种假设中，有3个被否定，即凯氏麦穗鱼、利氏麦穗鱼和阿波罗麦穗鱼。对于3个物种（斯特兰贾麦穗鱼、斯特里蒙麦穗鱼、莫雷拉麦穗鱼），建议增加数据采样进行进一步研究，而两个主要假设，即比热里麦穗鱼和科尔基斯麦穗鱼，作为次要物种假设得到了支持。最后，6个主要物种假设（普通麦穗鱼、卢马雷尔麦穗鱼、喀斯特麦穗鱼、塞蒂马奈麦穗鱼、马西利麦穗鱼和奇基麦穗鱼）得到线粒体数据的有力支持，但核数据分析仅提供了有限的佐证。
该方法已被证明对物种复合体的修订有用，本研究可作为欧洲麦穗鱼属的概述，也为进一步的工作奠定了坚实基础。
