Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control (LHICA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
J Physiol Biochem. 2018 Feb;74(1):127-138. doi: 10.1007/s13105-017-0580-2. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
The importance of dietary lipids during childhood is evident, as they are necessary for correct growth and development of the newborn. When breastfeeding is not possible, infant formulas are designed to mimic human milk as much as possible to fulfill infant's requirements. However, the composition of these dairy products is relatively constant, while human milk is not a uniform bio-fluid and changes according to the requirements of the baby. In this study, breast milk samples were donated by 24 Spanish mothers in different lactation stages and different infant formulas were purchased in supermarkets and pharmacies. Gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection was used for the fatty acid determination. Compared to breast milk, first-stage formulas are apparently very similar in composition; however, no major differences were observed in the fatty acid profiles between formulas of different lactation stages. The Galician women breast milk has a fatty acid profile rich in oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. When comparing human milk with formulas, it becomes evident that the manufacturers tend to enrich the formulas with essential fatty acids (especially with α-linolenic acid), but arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid levels are lower than in breast milk. Additionally, the obtained results demonstrated that after 1 year of lactation, human milk is still a good source of energy, essential fatty acids, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for the baby.
在儿童时期，膳食脂质的重要性不言而喻，因为它们是新生儿正确生长和发育所必需的。当无法进行母乳喂养时，婴儿配方奶粉的设计目的是尽可能模仿母乳，以满足婴儿的需求。然而，这些乳制品的成分相对固定，而母乳不是一种均匀的生物流体，它会根据婴儿的需求而变化。在这项研究中，24 位西班牙母亲捐赠了母乳样本，同时在超市和药店购买了不同阶段的婴儿配方奶粉。采用气相色谱法结合火焰离子化检测法测定脂肪酸含量。与母乳相比，第一阶段的配方在组成上显然非常相似；然而，不同泌乳阶段的配方之间的脂肪酸谱没有观察到明显差异。加利西亚妇女的母乳具有丰富的油酸、亚油酸、花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的脂肪酸谱。将母乳与配方奶进行比较后，制造商显然倾向于在配方中添加必需脂肪酸（特别是α-亚麻酸），但花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的水平低于母乳。此外，研究结果表明，在 1 年的哺乳期后，母乳仍然是婴儿能量、必需脂肪酸和长链多不饱和脂肪酸的良好来源。
