Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-MRL Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Nutrients. 2019 May 20;11(5):1122. doi: 10.3390/nu11051122.
We tested the hypothesis that the lipid composition of infant formula is consistent between manufacturers, countries and target demographic. We developed techniques to profile the lipid and glyceride fraction of milk and formula in a high throughput fashion. Formula from principal brands in the UK (2017-2019; bovine-, caprine-, soya-based), the Netherlands (2018; bovine-based) and South Africa (2018; bovine-based) were profiled along with fresh British animal and soya milk and skimmed milk powder. We found that the lipid and glyceride composition of infant formula differed by region, manufacturer and date of manufacture. The formulations within some brands, aimed at different target age ranges, differed considerably where others were similar across the range. Soya lecithin and milk lipids had characteristic phospholipid profiles. Particular sources of fat, such as coconut oil, were also easy to distinguish. Docosahexaenoic acid is typically found in triglycerides rather than phospholipids in formula. The variety by region, manufacturer, date of manufacture and sub-type for target demographics lead to an array of lipid profiles in formula. This makes it impossible to predict its molecular profile. Without detailed profile of the formula fed to infants, it is difficult to characterise the relationship between infant nutrition and their growth and development.
我们检验了这样一个假设，即婴儿配方奶粉的脂质成分在制造商、国家和目标人群之间是一致的。我们开发了技术，以高通量的方式对牛奶和配方奶的脂质和甘油酯部分进行分析。分析了来自英国（2017-2019 年；牛、山羊、大豆基）、荷兰（2018 年；牛基）和南非（2018 年；牛基）的主要品牌的配方奶，以及新鲜的英国动物奶和大豆奶以及脱脂奶粉。我们发现，婴儿配方奶粉的脂质和甘油酯组成因地区、制造商和生产日期而异。一些品牌的配方，针对不同的目标年龄范围，差异很大，而其他品牌的配方则在整个范围内相似。大豆卵磷脂和牛奶脂质具有特征性的磷脂谱。特定的脂肪来源，如椰子油，也很容易区分。二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）通常存在于配方奶粉的甘油三酯中，而不是磷脂中。由于地区、制造商、生产日期和目标人群的亚类的多样性，配方奶粉的脂质谱也多种多样。这使得它不可能预测其分子谱。由于没有详细的配方奶粉成分信息，因此很难描述婴儿营养与其生长和发育之间的关系。
