Family Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Ohio Health Hospice, Columbus, Ohio.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2018 Feb;55(2S):S59-S66. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.02.022. Epub 2017 Aug 8.
Since the year 2000, Mongolia has established the foundation measures for a national palliative care program and has made several significant achievements.
Systematic reviews and observational studies on palliative care development in Mongolia have taken place over the past 16 years.
Mongolia began palliative care development in 2000 with the creation of the Mongolian Palliative Care Society and the Palliative Care Department. Palliative care is included in the Mongolia's Health Law, Health Insurance Law, Social Welfare Law, National Cancer Control Program, and the National Program for Non-Communicable Diseases, and has approved Palliative Care Standards and Pain Management Guidelines. Palliative care education is included in the undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum in all medical universities. Six hospice units in Ulaanbaatar have 50 beds; each of the nine districts and all 21 provinces have up to four to five palliative beds, and there are 36 palliative care units, for a total 190 beds for three million people. In 2014, a pediatric palliative care inpatient unit was established with five beds. Essential drugs for palliative care have been available in Mongolia since 2015. The pharmaceutical company IVCO produces morphine, codeine, pethidine, and oxycodone in Ulaanbaatar.
Mongolia has made real progress in integrating palliative care into the health system.
自 2000 年以来，蒙古已经为国家姑息治疗计划奠定了基础，并取得了几项重大成就。
在过去的 16 年中，对蒙古姑息治疗发展进行了系统评价和观察性研究。
蒙古于 2000 年成立了蒙古姑息治疗协会和姑息治疗部，开始发展姑息治疗。姑息治疗被纳入《蒙古卫生法》、《医疗保险法》、《社会福利法》、《国家癌症控制计划》和《国家非传染性疾病计划》，并批准了姑息治疗标准和疼痛管理指南。姑息治疗教育纳入所有医科大学的本科和研究生课程。乌兰巴托的 6 个临终关怀单位有 50 张床位；每个区和所有 21 个省都有 4 到 5 张姑息治疗床位，还有 36 个姑息治疗单位，总共 190 张床位为 300 万人服务。2014 年，建立了一个拥有 5 张床位的儿科姑息治疗住院病房。自 2015 年以来，蒙古已经有姑息治疗的基本药物。乌兰巴托的 IVCO 制药公司生产吗啡、可待因、哌替啶和羟考酮。
蒙古在将姑息治疗纳入卫生系统方面取得了真正的进展。
