Hungarian Hospice Palliative Association, Pecs, Hungary; Department of Hospice-Palliative Care, Pecs University Medical School, Pecs, Hungary.
Department of Hospice-Palliative Care, Pecs University Medical School, Pecs, Hungary.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2018 Feb;55(2S):S30-S35. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.03.034. Epub 2017 Aug 10.
During the past 25 years, many developmental steps have occurred in Hungary in palliative care. Further education and service development is needed to provide a quality palliative care for all the Hungarian people. Hungary has a universal health care system with a developed infrastructure. The first Hungarian hospice team started in 1991. At that time, the concept of hospice care was unknown. Symptom control and psychosocial support for the dying patient was inadequate. The regulatory framework was based on the 1997 Health Care Act which was followed by significant palliative care legislation including documents on the legal requirements for palliative care (2004). National guidelines were developed in 2002. Home and inpatient hospice care are reimbursed by the National Insurance Fund. Patients and families pay nothing. The multidisciplinary team provides care for patients and families and hospice home care is widely available across the country. Inpatient units are still lacking in Hungary. Strong opioids are readily available in the country and can be prescribed for cancer and noncancer patients. Palliative care is taught in medical and nursing undergraduate and postgraduate education. From 2014, physicians in Hungary can take a one-year course to qualify for a license in palliative medicine.
在过去的 25 年中，匈牙利在缓和医疗方面取得了许多发展。为了向所有匈牙利人提供优质的缓和医疗服务，还需要进一步开展教育和服务工作。匈牙利拥有一个拥有完善基础设施的全民医疗保健系统。1991 年，匈牙利的第一支临终关怀团队成立。当时，临终关怀的概念还不为人知。对临终患者的症状控制和心理社会支持不足。监管框架基于 1997 年的《医疗保健法》，随后出台了包括关于缓和医疗法律要求的文件在内的重要缓和医疗立法（2004 年）。2002 年制定了国家指南。家庭和住院临终关怀由国家保险基金报销。患者和家属无需付费。多学科团队为患者及其家属提供护理，全国各地都广泛提供临终关怀上门服务。匈牙利仍缺乏住院病房。该国容易获得强阿片类药物，可用于癌症和非癌症患者。缓和医疗在医学和护理本科及研究生教育中都有教授。自 2014 年以来，匈牙利的医生可以参加为期一年的课程，以获得姑息医学的执照。
