Wurm Susanne, Tomasik Martin J, Tesch-Römer Clemens
German Centre of Gerontology, Manfred-von-Richthofen Str. 2, 12101 Berlin, Germany.
Friedrich-Schiller University, Am Steiger 3/1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Eur J Ageing. 2008 Apr 10;5(2):117-127. doi: 10.1007/s10433-008-0077-5. eCollection 2008 Jun.
Various studies have pointed to the great importance of subjective health as an indicator for mortality in older age, while less is known about factors that contribute to changes of subjective (self-rated) health over time. Based on a nationwide longitudinal survey (German Ageing Survey, = 1,286; initial age 40-85), two major findings emerged: first, the incidence of a serious health event caused greater changes in subjective health and life satisfaction in middle compared to older age. This was as expected because serious health events are less common in middle age and are correspondingly experienced more often as an "off-time event". Secondly, the study extended previous findings on the impact of a positive view of ageing on health by showing that this optimistic view positively affects subjective health and life satisfaction even in the face of a serious health event. Overall, the study indicates that a positive view on ageing is an important psychological resource in the case of a serious health event, both when it occurs on-time or off-time from a developmental perspective.
多项研究指出，主观健康作为老年人死亡率的一个指标具有极其重要的意义，而对于随着时间推移导致主观（自评）健康变化的因素，人们了解得较少。基于一项全国性纵向调查（德国老龄化调查，n = 1286；初始年龄40 - 85岁），出现了两个主要发现：第一，与老年人相比，严重健康事件的发生在中年人中导致主观健康和生活满意度的变化更大。这正如预期的那样，因为严重健康事件在中年较少见，相应地更常被视为“不合时宜的事件”。其次，该研究扩展了先前关于积极老龄观对健康影响的发现，表明即使面对严重健康事件，这种乐观的观点也会对主观健康和生活满意度产生积极影响。总体而言，该研究表明，从发展的角度来看，无论是在适时还是不合时宜地发生严重健康事件的情况下，积极的老龄观都是一种重要的心理资源。
