Goldman L B, Goldman M, Kronman J H, Lin P S
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979 Jul;48(1):79-83. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(79)90241-x.
The effectiveness of a newly developed perforated endodontic irrigation needle, with its distal aperture sealed, was compared to conventional endodontic irrigation procedures. In all instances 5 percent sodium hypochlorite was used since the delivery system, rather than the irrigant, was being evaluated. A base line group in which all soft tissue was described was also included. The results indicate that the perforated endodontic irrigation needle is a very effective instrument for the cleansing of instrumented root canals.
